英国文学史期末复习笔记

英美文学史期末复习笔记英国美国1.伊丽莎白时期的文学1.殖民地时期文学2.17世纪和18世纪的文学2.浪漫主义文学3.浪漫主义时期3.现实主义文学4.维多利亚时期4.自然主义文学5.20世纪的小说与诗歌5.20世纪20年代的诗歌与小说6.二战后的诗歌6.二战后的诗歌与小说7.二战后的小说7.美国戏剧梳理8.少数族裔文学1.DefinitionofepicAnepicisalongnarrativepoem.2.GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。乔叟thefatherofEnglishpoetry(literature)英国文学之父theheroiccouplet英雄双韵体：averseunitconsistingoftworhymed(押韵)linesiniambicpentameter(五步抑扬格)AABBCCDDEE代表作:TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）文艺复兴时期TheRenaissance(1500-1660)1.thedefinitionofRenaissanceRenaissancefirstroseinItalyinthe14thcenturyandcametoafloweringinthe15thandtheninthe16thcenturyitspreadtoothercountries,notablyFranceandthencetoGermanyandEnglandandSpainandtheothercountries.核心：humanism：admirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement.文艺复兴三杰：达芬奇，米开朗琪罗，拉斐尔2.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Heisactor,playwright;totally37playsFourgreattragedies:Hamlet(哈姆雷特)Othello(奥赛罗)KingLear(李尔王)Macbeth(麦克白)Fourgreatcomedies:TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》Twelfthnight《第十二夜》BenJohsondedicatedapoeminpraiseofhim:“…Souloftheage.Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime”.3.Sonnet(十四行诗）Sonnetisalyricpoemcomprising14rhyminglinesofequallength:iambic(抑扬格的)pentameters（五步格诗）inEnglish.TheEnglishsonnet(alsocalledtheShakespearensonnetafteritsforemostpractitinoner)comprisesthreequatrains(四行诗)andafinalcouplet（对句），rhymingababcdcdefef.AnimportantvariantofthisistheSpenseriansonnet(introducedbyElizabethanpoetEdmundSpenser),whichlinksthethreequatrainsbyrhyme,inthesequenceababbabccdcdee.Ineitherform,theturncomeswiththefinalcouplet,whichmaysometimesachievetheneatnessofanepigram.4.metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌）Theterm“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.MetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.Thenamegiventoadiversegroupof17th-centuryEnglishpoetswhoseworkisnotableforitsingenious(精致的)useofintellectualandtheologicalconceptsinsurprisingconceits(幻想),strangeparadoxes,andfar-reachingimagery,argumentativeabruptnessofrhythmandtonedistinguisheshisstylefromtheconventionsofElizabethanlovelyrics.T.SEliotandothersrevivedtheirreputation,stressingtheirqualityofwit,inthesenseofintellectualstrenuousnessandflexibilityratherthansmarthumor.Itsmainfeatures:thedictionissimpleTheimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallifeTheformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.5.JohnDonne(1572-1631)Viewofpoetry:Ablendofemotionandintellectualingenuity,characterizedbyconceitorwit.ThemoststrikingfeatureofDonne’spoetryisitstangofreality,inthesensethatitseemstoreflectlifeinarealratherthanapoeticalworld.Specialfeatures:Conceits;wit;imagery;dramaticandconversationalstyle.代表作：theflea《跳蚤》6.FrancisBacon(1561-1626)Heistheprecursorofmaterialism英国唯物主义的始祖（马克思和恩格斯语）；alsothefounderofmodernscience；thefirstBritishessayist.作品：Essays《随笔》(ofstudiesisthemostfamousoneofthem)7.JohnMiltonDefensefortheEnglishPeople为英国人辩护;blankverse素体诗作品：ParadiseLost失乐园ParadiseRegained复乐园18世纪的启蒙主义文学1.thedefinitionofenlightenmentAgeneraltermappliedtothemovementofintellectualliberationthatdevelopinWesternEuropefromthelate17thCenturytothelate18thcentury.(theperiodisoftencalledtheAgeofReason),especiallyinFranceandSwitzerland.Theenlightenmentculminated(使达到顶峰)withthewritingsofJeans-JacquesRousseauandtheEncyclopedia（百科全书）,thephilosophyofImmanuel(以马内利，基督的别称)Kant,andthepoliticalideasoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutionswhiletheforerunnersinscienceandphilosophyincludedBacon,Descartes,Newton,andLocke.Itscentralideawastheneedandthecapacityofhumanreasontoclearawayancientsuperstition,prejudice,dogmaandinjustice.Literaryfeatures:Classicism:Asacriticalterm,classicismisabodyofdoctrinethoughttobederivedfromortoreflectthequalitiesofancientGreekandRomanculture,particularlyinliterature,philosophy,art,orcriticism.Classicismstandsforcertaindefiniteideasandattitudes,mainlydrawnfromthecriticalutterancesoftheGreekandRomansordevelopedthroughanimitationofancientartandliterature.Neoclassicism:itemphasizedtheclassicalartisticidealsoforder,logic,proportion,restrainedemotion,accuracy,goodtasteanddecorum.Sentimentalismcameintobeingastheresultofabitterdiscontentamongtheenlightenedpeoplewithsocialreality.4Pre-romanticism:Inthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,anewliterarymovementaroseinEurope,calledtheRomanticRevival.ItwasmarkedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism,byarecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion,andbyarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.InEnglandthismovementshoweditselfinthetrendofPre-romanticism.Gothicnovelisitsmostmanifestexpression.2.JohnLocke(1632-1704)oneofthemostinfluentialofEnlightenmentthinkers;consideredoneofthefirstoftheBritishempiricists经验主义者,followingthetraditionofFrancisBacon;bestknownforhissatiricalverseandforhistranslationofHomer《荷马史诗》;HeisthethirdmostfrequentlyquotedwriterinTheOxfordDictionaryofQuotations,afterShakespeareandTennyson.3.DanielDefoe(1661-1731)代表作：TheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(英国文学史第一部小说)MollFlanders《摩尔.佛兰德斯》RobinsonCrusoecelebratesthe18th-centuryWesterncivilization’smaterialtriumphsandthestr