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句子成分•主语•谓语•宾语•表语•宾补•定语•状语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.㈡谓语•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.㈢表语•在系动词后的部分就是表语•常见的系动词有:•be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,•feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,•get,grow,come,goetc.•系动词不用于被动语态.•Theappletastessweet.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Whowasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.㈣宾语•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●.pleasepassmethebook.●.Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.㈤宾语补足语•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→ThestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexamWemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.㈥定语•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.•Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.㈦状语•用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Healwayscomeslatetoschool.1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.一、主谓结构（S十Vi）本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如：Heworkedhard/inafactory/tosupporthisfamily.1.昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.这本书他读过多次了。Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carryout)Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finishdoing)Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.二、主谓宾结构（S十V+O）在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。例如：eg:Isawafilm.译：我看了一部电影。eg:Theytookgoodcareofthechildren译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。1、这台机器出了毛病。2、天气变得相当暖和。3、这些玫瑰闻起来很香。4、他的脸红了。Themotorisoutoforder/goeswrong.Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.Therosessmellsweet.Hisfaceturnedred.三、S十V十P主系表结构说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,taste,sound.（2）表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue.（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow.四、S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此结构由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如：1.Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.Iheardhimsinging.3.Youmustgetyourhaircut.特别提醒:A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Ioftenhearthissongsunginthestreet.B.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g：1.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.2.Wehearhersingnextdoor.3.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.五、S十V十Oi十Od主谓双宾说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作对谁而做，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作为谁而做，表示为了某人，替某人。双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面，主要有三类动词：（一）give,tell,teach,bring,lend,show,hand,offer,pay等。Examples:1.Pleasehandhimabook.2.Pleasehandabooktohim.1.她给了我一些漂亮的照片。2.布莱克先生教我英语。3.我付给了修理工50元。Shegavemesomebeautifulpictures.Mr.BlackteachesusEnglish.Ipaidtherepairmanfiftyyuan.（二）buy,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词for引导的短语来表示。1.你给孩子们取点水来好吗？2.你愿意帮我一下忙吗？3.请给我们唱首歌好吗？Wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren?Wouldyoudomeafavour(doafavorforme)?Willyousingusasong?（三）ask,answer,take,cost等，这一类词后的两个宾语都是直接宾语，无法改变其结构形式。1.我可以问你一个问题吗？2.请先回答我一个问题。3.买这辆新自行车花了他300元。MayIaskyouaquestion?Pleaseanswermeaquestion.Thenewbikecosthim300yuan.六、There+be+主语（存在句型）Questions:1.be的单复数由什么决定？2.除了be之外还能用哪些动词？live,stand,lie,come,go,remain,exist,arrive..3.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...现在