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马克思主义基本原理专业词汇马克思主义政治经济学Marxistpoliticaleconomics马克思主义政治经济学的方法methodsofMarxistpoliticaleconomics古典经济学classicaleconomics空想社会主义utopiansocialism劳动过程labourprocess生产力productivity生产关系relationsofproduction生产方式modeofproduction劳动对象objectsoflabour劳动资料meansoflabour体力劳动manuallabour脑力劳动mentallabour经济基础economicbase上层建筑superstructure生产production交换exchange分配distribution消费consumption经济规律economiclaw基本经济规律basiceconomiclaw唯物辩证法materialistdialectics科学抽象法scientificabstraction归纳和演绎法inductionanddeduction经济制度economicsystem简单协作simplecooperation工场手工业manufacture产业革命IndustrialRevolution机器大工业modernmechanicalindustry资本主义工业化capitalistindustrialization资本主义所有制capitalistownership资产阶级bourgeois无产阶级proletariat经济机制economicmechanism计划经济plannedeconomy市场经济marketeconomy自然经济naturaleconomy商品经济commodityeconomy原始社会primitivesociety奴隶社会slavesociety封建社会feudalsociety资本主义社会capitalistsociety社会主义社会socialistsociety共产主义社会communistsociety具体劳动concretelabour抽象劳动abstractlabour价值量amountofvalue个别劳动时间individuallabourtime社会必要劳动时间sociallynecessarylabourtime劳动价值理论labourtheoryofvalue供求规律lawofthesupplyanddemand竞争规律lawofthecompetition价格机制pricemechanism价值规律lawofthevalue通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation纸币流通规律lawofthecirculationofpapermoney纸币papermoney货币流通规律lawofthecirculationofmoney价值符号symbolsofvalue信用货币creditmoney货币形式moneyform一般等价物universalequivalent相对价值形式relativeformofvalue一般价值形式universalformofvalue等价形式equivalentformofvalue总和的或扩大的价值形式totalorexpandedformofvalue简单的或偶然的价值形式elementaryoraccidentalformofvalue价值形式formofvalue社会劳动sociallabour私人劳动individuallabour劳动生产率labourproductivity复杂劳动complexlabour简单劳动simplelabour商品commodities商品交换exchangeofcommodities价值value交换价值exchangevalue使用价值usevalue资本capital资本总公式generalformulaforcapital商品流通circulationofcommodities劳动力labourpower劳动力的使用价值usevalueofthelabourpower劳动力价值valueoflabourpower雇佣劳动hiredlabour雇佣劳动制度hiredlaboursystem劳动过程labourprocess价值形成过程processofcreatingvalue价值增殖过程processofproducingsurplusvalue工作日workingday必要劳动necessarylabour剩余劳动surpluslabour剩余价值surplusvalue不变资本constantcapital可变资本variablecapital剩余价值率rateofsurplusvalue计件工资piecewages计时工资timewages名义工资nominalwages实际工资realwages绝对剩余价值absolutesurplusvalue相对剩余价值relativesurplusvalue超额剩余价值extrasurplusvalue个别价值individualvalue社会价值socialvalue剥削exploitation资本主义简单再生产capitalistsimplereproduction资本主义扩大再生产capitalistreproductiononextendedscale资本原始积累primitiveaccumulationofcapital资本技术构成technicalcompositionofcapital资本价值构成valuecompositionofcapital资本有机构成organiccompositionofcapital失业unemployment相对过剩人口relativesurplus-population绝对过剩人口absolutesurpluspopulation流动的过剩人口floatingsurpluspopulation潜在的过剩人口latentsurpluspopulation停滞的过剩人口stagnantsurplus-population资本集中centralizationofcapital资本积聚concentrationofcapital资本主义积累的历史趋势historicaltendencyofcapitalistaccumulation资本主义积累的一般规律generallawofcapitalistaccumulation成本价格costprice利润profit利润率rateofprofit平均利润averageprofit平均利润率averagerateofprofit产业利润industrialprofit商业资本commercialcapital商业利润commercialprofit借贷资本loancapital利息interest职能资本家functionalcapitalist银行资本bankingcapital银行利润profitofbank资本主义地租capitalistrent级差地租differentialrent绝对地租absoluterent超额利润extraprofit自由竞争资本主义laisser-fairecapitalism垄断资本主义monopolycapitalism圈地运动enclosuremovementinEngland生产集中centralizationofproduction垄断monopoly垄断资本monopolycapital垄断价格monopolyprice垄断利润monopolyprofit垄断组织monopolies帝国主义imperialism短期价格协定temporarypriceagreement辛迪加syndicate卡特尔cartel托拉斯trust康采恩konzern(concern)国家垄断资本主义statemonopolycapitalism罗斯福新政Rossevelt’sNewDeal福利国家制度welfarestatesystem持股公司holdingcompany资本主义基本矛盾basiccontradictionofcapitalism生产社会化socializationofproduction资本循环circuitofcapital资本周转turnoverofcapital产业资本industrialcapital产业资本家industrialcapitalist职能资本functionalcapital产业资本industrialcapital货币资本moneycapital生产资本productivecapital商品资本commoditycapital流通过程processofcirculation资本周转速度velocityofturnoverofcapital资本周转时间timeofturnoverofcapital流通时间timeofcirculation固定资本fixedcapital流动资本circulatingcapital固定资本磨损wearandtearoffixedcapital有形磨损(物质磨损)visibledamage无形磨损(精神磨损)moraldepreciation折旧depreciation预付资本advancedcapital年剩余价值率annualrateofsurplusvalue个别资本individualcapital社会资本socialcapital社会资本的再生产reproductionofthesocialcapital社会总产品aggregatesocialproduct生产资料meansofproduction消费资料meansofsubsistence经济危机economiccrisis危机crisis生产相对过剩relativeoverproduction萧条Depression停滞膨胀stagflation生产无政府状态anarchyofcapitalistproduction资本主义再生产的周期性cyclicalfluctuationofcapitalistreproduction固定资本更新replacementoffixedcapital金融资本financialcapital金融寡头financialoligarch参与制systemofholdings需求管理demandmanagement财政政策publicfinancepolicy税收政策taxpolicy财政支出fiscalexpenditure财政收入fiscalrevenues“时延”timelag自动稳定器built-instabilizer财政赤字fiscaldeficit货币政策monetarypolicy公开市场业务open-marketoperations法定准备金率legalreserverate再贴现利率rediscount-rate政府债券governmentbond资本主义国有化capitalistnationalization资本主义经济计划化planningincapitalisteconomy反垄断法antitrustlaw马克思主义经济学著作在中国的传播disseminationofMarxisteconomicworksinChina新民主主义经济new_democraticeconomy新民主主义革命new_democraticrevolution新民主主义三大经济纲领threegeneraleconomicprogrammesfortheChinesenew_democracy公营经济publiceconomy中国土地改革landreforminChina从资本主义向社会主义的过渡transitionfromcapitalismtosocialism过渡时期多种经济成分manifoldeconomicsectorsint