中国文化概况期末复习

中国文化概况期末复习一、名词解释1、theGrandCanalThemostfamousman-madecanalinChinaistheGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou,1801kminlength.ItPassesthroughthecityofTianjinandfourprovincesandlinksfivemajorrivers.Thecanalwasopentonavigationover1000yearsago.Itplayedandimportantroleinfacilitatingtradebetweenthesouthandthenorthandwasregardedasthecountry'stransportationandinformationhighwaybeforetheadventoftherailway.2、theWhiteHorseTempleTheWhiteHorseTemple,located21kilometreseastoftheLouyangCity,HenanProvince,wasthefirstofficiallybuiltBuddhisttempleinChinaintheEasternHanDynasty.ItwasnamedafterthewhitehorsethatcarriedtheBuddhistscripturesfromIndiatoLuoyang,thenthecapitalofthecountry.3、theBookofSongsTheBookofSongsisacollectionofChina's305oldestpoemsfromtheearlyWesternZhouDynastytothemiddleSpringandAutumnPeriod,andisregardedastheearliestrealisticliteratureinChina.4、theFourLiteraryEminencesTheFourLiteraryEminencesrefertothefourpre-eminentpoetsoftheearlyTangDynasty,WangBo,YangJiong,LuoBinwang,andLuZhaolin,thepioneersofTangpoetry.Theirpoems,inarefinedlanguage,boastbeautifultonalpatternsandrhymeschemes.5、BeijingOperaBeijingOperaisregardedasChina'snationalopera.Singing,recitation,acting,andacrobaticfightingarethefourartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera.6、ShaanxiOperaShanxiOpera，theoldestofalltheChineseoperasthatarestillinexistencetoday,isthetypicaloperapopularofShaanxiProvince.7、YueOpera（越剧）YueOperaisonetypeoftraditionallocaloperasthatoriginatedinShengxianCounty,ZhejiangProvince,butitispopularthroughoutZhejiangProvinceandShanghaiaswellasinmanylargeandmedium-sizedcitiesthroughoutthecountry.8、YueOpera(粤剧）YueOperaisonetypeoftraditionallocaloperas,popularinGuangdongandGuangxiprovincesandinChinesecommunitiesinSouthAsiaandAmerica.9、PrivateSchoolsAprivateschoolreferstoaschoolsetupbyafamily,generallywithjustoneteacherwhogaveindividualtuition,andwithneithersettextbooksnorspecifiedtimespanofstudy.10、OfficialSchoolsOfficialSchoolsbeganduringtheWesternZhouDynasty,andweresponsoredbytheofficialconstitutioncalledxiangxue.Onlychildrenofnobleswereadmitted.Theofficialschoolingsystemincludedacentralschoolandlocalschoolsindifferentadministrativeregions.TheteachingmaterialswerecenteredonTheFourBooksandTheFiveClassics.11、Ping-PongDiplomacyInApril1971,atthe31stWorldTableTennisTournamentinJapan,theChineseteaminvitedtheUnitedStatestabletennis(Ping-Pong)teamtovisitChina.In1972,theChinesetabletennisteamacceptedtheinvitationtopayreturnvisittotheUnitedStates.ThefriendlyexchangebetweenthetabletennisplayersofthetwocountriesopenedthedoortowarmerrelationsbetweenthetabletennisplayersofthetwocountriesopenedthedoortowarmerrelationsbetweentheChineseandAmericannations,andbecomeknownasPing-PongDiplomacy.12、SpringFestivalSpringFestival,alsocalledtheChineseNewYear,isChina'smostimportantfestivalthatfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmontheachyear.FamilymembersgatherjustastheydoforChristmasintheWest.13、LanternFestivalTheLanternFestival,celebratedonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,iscloselyrelatedtotheSpringFestival.ItmarkstheendoftheNewYearcelebrations,followingwhichlifereturnstonormal.14、theSilkRoadTheSilkRoadwasthemaintraderouterunningthroughAsiainancienttimes.ItstartedfromtheWeishuiValleyintheeastandendedontheeastcoastoftheMediterranean,fromwhereitledtovariousplacesaroundEurope.FromtheWesternHanDynastyon,ChinaandtheWestwasformed,andculturalexchangesandfriendlyvisitswerepromoted.15、ChinesebatikBatikisatraditionalChinesefolkart,whichcombinespaintinganddyeing.ItpresentsavarietyofethnicstylesandismostpopularamongtheBuyi,theMiaoandtheYaoethnicgroup.16、HuabiaoHuabiaoarepairedceremonialcolumnserectedinfrontofpalaceortomb,usuallycarvedwithdragonandphoenixpatterns,withatransverse-engravedstoneslabonitstop.17、theBundThe1.5kmbeltalongtheHuangpuRiverbetweenWaibaiduBridgeandEastYan'anRoadiscalledtheBund.Here,thoseEuropean-stylebuildings,oncehousedforeignconsulates,banks,commercialfirmsandnewspaperoffices,arestillinusetoday.Wheneveningcomes,thebanksoftheHuangpuRiverarebusywithstrollingyoungcouplesandthrongsofforeigntourists.二、填空1、TheredcolourofthenationalflagofthePRCsymbolisesrevolutionandtheyellowcolourofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland.ThedesignoffoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina.2、Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplains33%.3、OfthemanyBuddhistMountains,MountWutai,MountEmei,MountPutuoandMountJiuhuaareacceptedastheFourSacredBuddhistMountainsinChina.4、Amongtheliterarygiants,LiBaiandDuFuareregardedasthetwinmasteroftheTangDynasty.5、DuFu,theSaintPoet,hasbeenregardedasthegreatestrealisticpoetinChineseliterature.6、LiBai,theCelestialPoet,haslongbeenconsideredthegreatestromanticpoetinChineseliterature.7、Undergraduatestudiescoverbasiccourses,specialtybasiccourses,andspecialtycourses.Collegeanduniversitystudentsalsohaveawidechoiceofextracurricularactivitiesandeveryi