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TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气英语动词有种语气陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三虚拟语气的应用A.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用B.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用C.虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用A.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用条件句中虚拟语气的考点1、基本用法；2、混合条件句；3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装4、含蓄条件句;主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)与现在事实相反：虚拟条件句主句didbe---wereshould/would/could/might+do与事实相反！1)Ifhehastime,hewillgoshoppingtonight.2)IfIhadtime,Iwouldvisityou.与过去事实相反虚拟条件句主句haddoneshould/would/might/could+have+doneIfthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.Ifyouyourfather’advice,hadtakenYouinthetrafficjamnow.wouldn’thavetrapped与将来事实相反虚拟条件句主句did/wereshoulddoweretodoshould/would/could/might+do表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldn’thaveanexam.主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)If虚拟句的省略和倒装如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以省略if倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,…Hadhebeenthereyesterday,…Shoulditsnowtomorrow,…IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。4.Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,we________________(notgoout).5.______(be)Iingoodhealth,I_____________(go)withyoutomorrow.rained/shouldrain/weretorainwouldnotgooutWerewould/shouldgo含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise,without,butfor等，或者从上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气。Eg.Without/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.1.Iwasillthatday.0therwise,I_________________(take)partinthesportsmeet.2.I_______________(give)youmorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Amanwhostoppeddrinking_________(be)deadinsevendays.4.Butforwater,it________(be)impossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldhavetakenmighthavegivenwouldbewouldbeThissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中)Hestudiedhardathighschool,orhecouldn’thaveenteredBeijingUniversity.(暗含条件是连词or)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含条件是alone)1.条件暗含在短语中。如：WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)B.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用虚拟语气的常考形式：1.名词性从句2.固定句式3.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况一坚持二命令四建议五要求一.名词性从句中的虚拟语气insistorder/commandsuggest/advise/propose/recommenddesire/demand/request/require/ask名词性从句中的虚拟语气shoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!♥♥1“坚持”insist2“命令”order,command3“建议”advise,suggest,propose,recommend4“要求”ask,demand,require,request,desire+(that)sb(should)do...或是(that)sb/sth(should)bedone宾语从句我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。Wesuggested___________________.(that)TomhavearestHeinsisted_________________________.(that)I(should)gowithhimTheyrequested(that)Tom_________________________________.(should)besenttoworkthereTheteacherasked(that)ourhomework_________________________________.(should)befinishedintimeItisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded…that…(should)do•Itissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.(一).主语从句that不可省略这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoulddo•The/One’sinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desireis/wasthat…(should)do(二).表语从句Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.that不可省略a/thesuggestion/request(等)that…(should)do…•Shemadearequestthatthedoctor(should)besentforatonce.•Theteachergivesusasuggestionthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.(三）.同位语从句that不可省略•It’ssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.•Theoldwoman’sdemandisthatherson(should)cometoseeheronceaweek.•Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory(should)becloseddown.主语从句表语从句同位语从句Heinsistedthathewasnotathiefandthathebesetfree.Herpalefacesuggestedshewasill.注意：若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气他命令用专机送药品。(一)两个常考虚拟语气句型Ifitweren’tfor……——要不是……(固定句式)与现在事实相反Ifithadn’tbeenfor……与过去事实相反butfor二.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式•Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…•Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…butforbutfor（二）Ifonly…!要是……就好了IfonlyIwereabird!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!Ifonlyshewouldgowithme!与wish的宾语从句相似onlyif只要……就，只有…才引导的从句位于句首，主句倒装！倒装！Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoentertheroom.（三）犹如，好像，仿佛asif/asthough♥假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气。♥若从句表示内容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气：Itlooksasifwewillbelate.试比较：Hewalksasifheisdrunk.Hewalksasifheweredrunk.他真的醉了。他没有醉。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.快要下雨了。不会下雨。Asif/asthough在虚拟语气中的用法asif/asthoughsbdid（were）…sbhaddone…sbwould/coulddo…现在过去将来与wish的宾语从句相似should（四）宁愿，但愿wouldrather宁愿，但愿sbdid…与现在或将来情况相反sbhaddone…与过去情况相反Iwouldratheryoureturnedmemymoneynow.Iwouldratherwehadn’ttoldherthebadnews.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.sbdidsbshoulddo