广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件3

Session3形合与意合ExamplefromaSymposium各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同！BinaryOppositionsbetweenEnglish&Chinese英语：法治，刚性，显性，语法型，主体性，聚焦型汉语：人治，柔性，隐性，语用型，平面性，流散型MostImportantly:形合(hypotaxis)vs.意合(parataxis)形合(Hypotaxis)Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipwithconnectives,forexample,Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.意和(Parataxis)Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.Forexample,Therainfell;theriverflooded;thehousewashedaway.KeyDifference–useofconnectivesConnectives(联系用语)Relativepronoun（关系代词）Relativeadverb（关系副词）Coordinator（并列连接词）Subordinator（从属连接词）Overtcohesionvs.Covertcohesion显性连接vs.隐性连接RelativePronoun(who,whom,which,that,what)小句是修饰和被修饰关系，在语法上是主句与定语从句关系。Heisoneoftheboyswhoalwaysdoeswellatschool.Thisiswhathetoldusatthemeeting.RelativeAdverb(when,where,why,how)小句是修饰和被修饰关系，在语法上是主句和定语从句关系，相当于“介词+which”。Thisisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.Doyouknowthewayhowtheysolvedtheproblems?这两类表示小句间关系的关系代词和关系副词是汉语中没有的。Coordinatorand,or,but,both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,sothat,aswellas,ratherthan,etc.SubordinatorAbout70ofthem1)SimpleCoordinator（简单从属连词）2)CompoundCoordinator（复合从属连词）3)CorrelativeCoordinator（关联复合连词）ExamplesAnalysis我们应该相互尊重，相互学习，取长补短，共同进步。Weshouldrespectandlearnfromeachotheranddrawuponothers’strongpointstooffsetone’sowndeficienciesforachievingcommonprogress.ExamplesAnalysis这里，我想就中国纺织品出口的问题谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对现状的了解。Here,IwouldliketomakesomeobservationsonChina’stextileexport,whichIhopewillhelpyouunderstandthepresentsituationbetter.Here,IwouldliketomakeanaccountontheexportofChina’stextileproductsinthehopethatallofyouwillhaveaclearerpictureonthepresentsituation.ExamplesAnalysis这是我个人的想法，不见得恰当。谢谢！Thisisonlymypersonalview,whichmightbewrong.Thankyouverymuch!ExamplesAnalysis明清两个朝代，封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,thefeudalrulersadoptedapolicyofseclusion,whichhamperedChina’sprogressanditsexchangeswiththeoutsideworld.ExamplesAnalysis我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。Weshouldtakeafirmholdoftheoverallinterestsofsino-USrelationsandsettleourdifferencesproperlysoastoreachthegoalofpromotingmutualunderstanding,broadeningcommonground,developingcooperationandbuildingafuturetogether.ExamplesAnalysis中国拥有广大的市场和发展需求，日本拥有先进的科学技术和巨大的物质力量，两国之间有着很强的经济互补性。ChinaholdsahugemarketandgreatdemandfordevelopmentandJapanholdsadvancedscienceandtechnologyaswellasenormousmaterialforce.Theeconomiesofthetwocountriesarethereforehighlycomplementarywitheachother.Chinaboastsahugeandgreatdemandfordevelopment,whileJapanownsadvancedscienceandtechnologyaswellasenormousmaterialstrength,whichhavetogethercontributedtothestrongeconomiccomplementaritybetweenthetwocountries.ExamplesAnalysis中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家，从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。Chinaisacountrywith5,000yearsofcivilization.Therefore,itisimportanttoapproachChinafromahistoricalandculturalperspective.ExamplesAnalysis我们的主要调整方向应该是发挥公司的比较优势，当然就是技术优势了。Ourobjectiveofadjustmentshouldbetobringintoplaythecompany’scomparativeadvantage,whichistheadvantageintechnology.Ouradjustmentshouldbeaimedatusingthecompany’scomparativeadvantage,thatis,theadvantageintechnology.ExamplesAnalysis一个繁荣、富强的中国，一个稳定的中国比一个动乱的、贫穷的、落后的中国要对无论美国也好、无论对亚太地区也好，无论对世界也好，是有好处的、是有益的。这个应该说是积极的。Aprosperous,strongandstableChinaisbettertotheUnitedStates,totheAsia-PacificRegion,andtothewholeworldthanachaotic,poorandbackwardChina,sothisisquitepositive.ExamplesAnalysisIfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavecomehere.早知如此，我就不来了。ExamplesAnalysisBecausetheworkwassohard,wewereverygratefultohim.工作非常不易，我们很感激他。ExamplesAnalysisAstheweatherwasfine,wedecidedtoholdthereceptionintheopenair.天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会。ExamplesAnalysisIfwepersistinourreform,wewillbeabletoturnouridealsintoreality.坚持变革创新，理想就会变为现实。ExamplesAnalysisTobothindustrializedanddevelopingcountries,thisisanissueofgrowingconcerninwhichinternationalcooperationisessential.对于工业化国家和发展中国家，这都是一个他们日益关切的问题，切需国际合作。ExamplesAnalysisItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainMay.Iwasdelightedwhen,asaresultoftheeffortofyourcompany,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。ExamplesAnalysisFortheinternationalcommunitythemoststrikingconsequenceofthesechangesisthatChinahasgrowntobetheworld’s6thlargesteconomy.对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引人注目的结果是，中国已跃居为世界第六大经济强国。