英汉平行结构对比研究

20019175JournalofSichuanInternationalStudiesUniversitySept.,2001Vol.17No.5邵志洪(,200237):平行结构是话语组织法中具有的共同现象由于语言之间的差异,平行结构的表现形式可能不同英语中Parallelism与汉语中排比和骈偶的对比研究表明,二者在平行结构方面存在着非完全对应关系据此,建立起英汉语在平行结构方面的可比框架:英语;汉语;平行结构:B089:A:1003-3831(2001)05-0058-05AcontrastivestudyofparallelstructuresinEnglishandChineseSHAOZhihong(ForeignLanguagesCollege,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai200237,China)Abstract:Parallelstructures,oneofthecommonphenomenainsyntacticrelations,manifestthemselvesindifferentformsindifferentlanguages.AcontrastivestudyofparallelstructuresinEnglishandChineseintermsofrhetoricalparallelismvs.Chinesepaibi()andgeneralparallelismvs.Chinesepianou()isattemptedwithaviewtoimprovingtheexistingtheoriesandestablishingacomparableframeworkofEnglishandChineseparallelstructures.Keywords:English;Chinese;parallelstructures1.(ParallelStructures),,Parallelism,,,Parallelism,,Parallelism,Parallelism,,,,2.ParallelismParallelism,,,,,,Coordinatedstructure(),()[1]:Sheopenedthedoor,turnedonthelight,satdownatthedeskandbeganthenight!swork.Parallelism,,Parallelism,,,Parallelism:Ideasofequalvalueinastatementcanbemadeparallelthatis,theycanbeexpressedinthesamegrammaticalform.[2]Parallel(grammaticallyequal)sentenceelementsregularlyappearinlists,series,andcompoundstructures.Connectiveslikeand,or,but,yetlinkandrelatebalancedsentenceelements.[3](P308)Parallelismasameanstoachievecoherenceofasentenceorparagraphhasthefollowingeffects:toleadtoclarityinwriting;togainemphasis;tocreateapleasantrhythminaprosepassage;andtocutdownonthenumberofwordsneededtoexpressanidea.Thegeneralprincipleofparallelismistoexpresssimilarideasinsimilargrammaticalforms.Almostanykindofsentenceelementmaybeplacedinaparallelconstruction.(CollegeEnglish,58:2001-04-24:(1949-),,,,BookTwo,1995:107):Parallelism,,and,or,but,yet,Parallelism,Parallelism(1)ParallelwordsandphrasesInEnglish,therearecountlesssituations,moods,andrelationshipsforwhichthereisnosingleword.(T.H.Middleton)Itiseasiertolovehumanityasawholethantoloveone!sneighbor.(E.Hoffer)(2)ParallelclausesWhatwesayandwhatwedosomehowseemoutofjoint.(N.Cousins)(3)ParallelsentencesThedangerofthepastwasthatmenbecameslaves.Thedangerofthefutureisthatmenmaybecomerobots.(E.Fromm),(BalancedSentence),,,;:ManyMexicansimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesafterthe191020revolution,andmanyCubansafterthe1959revolution.(Parker)[4](P154)Parallelismistherepetitionofthesentencepatternorofothergrammaticalstructures.[3](P308),Parallelismadverbialclause+mainclause:If,you,If,you,Parallelism,,,Parallelism,,Parallelism,,TheMiracleofTechnofix(K.Sale)questionanswerpattern,Parallelism,:1)Energycrisis?Trysynfuels.Nevermindthat2)Foodforthehungryworld?TrytheGreenRevolution.Nevermindthat3)Diseases?Trywonderdrugs.Nevermindthat,Parallelism,,ParallelismNonParallelism,,,,,,[5](P458):后山一条大路,两旁四周都是海棠人们坐在花下,走在路上,既望不见花外的青天,也看不见花外还有别的世界花开得正盛,来早了,还未开好;来晚了,已经开败每一朵花都在微风中枝头上颤抖着说出自己的喜悦(∀#),,:vs.(A,BandC)(,1991),(A,BandC);Parallelism,Parallelism3.ParallelismParallelismParallelismParallelism:(1)[6],(2)[7](P272),(3)[4](P153),(4)[8](P118),(5)[9][10](P389),(6),[11],(7),(∀#,p696)Parallelism,Parallelism?∀#,:,:∃,,,,!(P848)Parallelism,,,[5](P485)Parallelism[12]:Weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehillsthenewworld,withallitspowerandmight,stepsforwardtotherescueandliberationoftheold.(W.Churchill)Parallelism,:powerandmight,rescueandliberation,,Parallelism∀#(EncyclopediaofEnglish)DictionaryofRhetoric:TheFiguresofSpeech(p360),Parallelism:Thepairingofsimilarideasbycastingthemintosimilarforms.e.g.Ifwedonothangtogether,weshallhangseparately.(Franklin)[13]pairing,,Parallelism,,,,∀#,∀#:,:[14],Parallelism,59∀#:,,∀#:,,,,,,,[10](P394)∀#,:,,,∀#,:,∀#:,,:,,∃,!(∀#)∃!,,,∀#,[15]∀#:[5](P485),,,,:,,,,():Themerchantsoldshoes,thepoliticiansoldmanhood,andtherepresentativeofthepeople,withexceptions,ofcourse,soldhistrust;whilenearlyallsoldtheirhonour.(J.London)Parallelism,MartinLutherKingIHaveADream,:Istillhaveadream()Ihaveadream(1988:118),Parallelism[8]4.ParallelismParallelism;,,,:,,;,[16],:,,,,,,,!,,,:[17](1997)∀#,:,,,,,,,,[18](PP355-356),,,NonParallelism,Parallelism,NonParallelismParallelism,ParallelismParallelism:Parallelism,,ListSeriesCompoundStructure,,ParallelismParallelism,Parallelism[8](P118),,(),,,,∃!,∃!,(,∀#1987.6):,,,,,[19](P224),[18](P356),Parallelism,:Forme,teachingisaredeye,sweatypalm,sinkingstomachprofession.Redeye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteach,nomatterhowlateIstayuppreparingthenightbefore.Sweatypalm,becauseI!malwaysnervousbeforeIwalkintothatclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.Sinkingstomach,becauseIwalkoutoftheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.Parallelism:Redeye,becauseSweatypalm,because,surethatSinkingstomach,because,convincedthatredeye,sweatypalm,sinkingstomachParallelism(,1991:90):,;,,,,60,,,%%(,1992),PatternDrillsSubstitutionDrills,Parallelism,Parallelism,∀900#SubstitutionDrills,(,1992),ParallelismParallelism,,∀#,[18](P352):,(∀#)(1979),,,ParallelismParallelism,,,,,,,