铁路危险货物运输基础管理研究

北京交通大学毕业论文1铁路危险货物运输基础管理研究摘要近年来，危险货物运量递年增加，不论在数量上还是品种上，铁路运输都占了相当大的比重，危险货物具有易燃、易爆、毒害、腐蚀、放射性等特性，因此危险货物的安全运输一直是铁路部门重点关注的对象。由于危险货物的品名繁多、性质复杂、危险性大、运输关节多，而从事运输的有关人员不可能全部掌握这些物品的性质、防护方法、环节衔接及相关的管理规则，这样就给危险货物运输安全管理造成很大困难。所以，探索和研究危险货物运输基础管理机制，己成为应对危险货物运输，防止或最大限度地降低由危险货物突发事件带来的经济损失人身伤亡的有效途径。本文从我国铁路危险货物运输现状入手，首先分析了危险货物运输流动性强、危险性大、过程复杂、事故多发、要求防护、救援困难等特点，明确了危险货物运输管理的必要性;其次，系统地分析和研究了我国危险货物运输中各个事故的原因和其中存在的问题，从事故中找出其相同点和主重点，结合危险货物运输管理作业流程，找出现阶段我国危险货物运输易出现问题环，利用科学、规范管理机制解决我国危险货物运输的薄弱环节。总之，铁路危险货物运输基础管理研究，是对我国危险货物运输管理工作有益的探索，它将为危险货物运输高效、协调和规范管理起到积极的作用。关键词：危险货物；基础管理；铁路运输；北京交通大学毕业论文2AbstractInrecentyears,thedeliveryofdangerousgoodstransportvolumeincrease,bothinquantityandvariety,railtransporthaveaccountedforalargeproportionofdangerousgoodsisflammable,explosive,poison,corrosive,radioactive,andothercharacteristics,thereforedangerousgoodsthesafetransportoftherailwaysectorhasbeentheobjectoffocus.BecauseofdangerousgoodsNamemanycomplexinnature,risk,transportjoints,andassociatedpersonnelengagedinthetransportoftheseitemscannotbefullygraspthenatureofprotectivemethods,andtherelatedareasofconvergencemanagementrules,thisgavetheTransportofDangerousGoodssafetymanagementaswell.Therefore,toexploreandstudytheTransportofDangerousGoodsprofessionalmanagementmechanism,shouldhavebecometheTransportofDangerousGoodstopreventorminimizedangerousgoodsdecreasedbyunexpectedeventsbringeconomiclossespersonalinjuryeffectiveway.ThispaperfromChina'sRailwayTransportofDangerousGoodsstartwiththestatusquo,thefirstoftheTransportofDangerousGoodsflowofstrong,dangerous,complicatedprocess,theaccident-proneforprotection,rescuedifficultiescharacteristicoftheTransportofDangerousGoodscleartheneedformanagement;Secondly,systematicanalysisandstudyofthetransportofdangerousgoodsinChinainthecauseoftheaccidentandalloftheseexistingproblems,fromtheaccidenttoidentifythesamepointanditsmainfocus,withthetransportofdangerousgoodsmanagementprocesses,toidentifyatthisstageoftheTransportofDangerousGoods-inCentralissues,theuseofscientific,standardizedmanagementmechanismtoresolveChina'sTransportofDangerousGoodsweaklinks.Inshort,themanagementofdangerousgoodstransportmechanismofspecializationisonChina'smanagementoftheTransportofDangerousGoodsusefulexploration,itwillfortheTransportofDangerousGoodsefficient,coordinatedandstandardizedmanagementplayapositiverole.北京交通大学毕业论文3Keywords:DangerousGoods;Basicmanagement;railtransport.北京交通大学毕业论文4目录第一章概述.......................................................71.1背景.........................................................71.2我国铁路危险货物运输现状.....................................71.2.1需求现状.................................................71.2.2办理站现状...............................................81.2.3管理现状.................................................8第二章危险货物运输安全影响因素分析..............................102.1危险货物自身的危险因素......................................102.1.1燃烧与爆炸危险性........................................102.1.2毒害危险性..............................................132.1.3放射危险性..............................................142.1.4腐蚀危险性..............................................142.2人员素质和管理因素..........................................152.2.1安全意识不强，有章不循，不执行标准化作业................152.2.2人员业务素质差..........................................162.2.3职工培训效果差..........................................162.2.4管理制度不健全..........................................162.3物的因素....................................................172.3.1设备因素................................................172.3.2包装方面的因素..........................................192.4环境因素....................................................202.4.1温度和明火的影响........................................202.4.2水和潮湿的影响..........................................212.4.3机械作用的影响..........................................21北京交通大学毕业论文52.4.4不同性质的货物接触时所造成的影响........................21第三章危险货物基础管理思考......................................233.1托运、承运管理..............................................243.1.1危险货物托运要求........................................243.1.2受理、承运要求..........................................243.1.3各类危险货物运输受理、承运签认要求......................253.2货物装车作业管理............................................283.2.1装车作业................................................283.2.2各类危险货物的特殊保护注意事项..........................293.3搬运管理....................................................343.3.1危险货物搬运要求........................................343.3.2搬运危险货物的常用机具..................................353.3.3各类危险货物搬运知识....................................353.3.4罐装危险货物的装卸安全要求..............................363.4运输工具管理及洗刷除污......................................383.4.1运输工具管理............................................383.4.2车辆洗刷除污............................................453.5保管交付....................................................473.5.1危险货物的保管设施......................................473.5.2货物的保管要求..........................................533.5.3货物的交付要求..........................................543.6危险货物押运管理及各类危货施救对策..........................543.6.1危险货物押运配置及工作要求..............................543.6.