搜索
医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.11感染相关英文词汇小结G+（1肺炎球菌感染）1.Gram-PositiveBacteria革兰阳性菌2.micrococci微球菌3.LouisPasteur路易斯，巴斯德4.etiologyofpneumonia肺炎的病因学5.Etiologicagent病因学微生物6.Streptococcus链球菌7.celldivisionoccursalongasingleaxis细胞分裂沿单一轴进行8.growinchainsorpairs成链或成对生长9.hemolyticproperties溶血特性10.S.pneumoniae（Streptococcuspneumoniae）肺炎链球菌11.α-hemolyticgroupα溶血组12.bloodagar血培养皿13.characteristicallyproducesagreenishcolor特征绿色14.reductionofironinhemoglobin还原血红蛋白中的铁15.fastidious苛养（菌）16.mucoid(smooth/shiny)colonies粘液状克隆（光滑/金属色）17.Pneumococciwithoutacapsule无夹膜的肺炎球菌18.colonieswitharoughsurface克隆表面粗糙19.optochin(ethylhydrocupreinhydrochloride)奥普托欣试验（）20.bilesoluble在胆汁中溶解21.apolysaccharidecapsule多糖夹膜22.serogroups/serotypes血清群/血清型23.rabbitpolyclonalantisera兔多克隆抗血清24.theQuellungreactionQuellung反应：在特定抗血清处理下，夹膜肿胀25.phagocytosis吞噬作用26.determinantofpneumococcalvirulence医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.12毒力的决定因素27.Unencapsulatedvariants无夹膜的变种28.invasivedisease.侵袭性疾病29.hostdefensemechanisms宿主防御系统30.Pneumolysin肺炎球菌溶血素31.cytolysisofcellsandtissues细胞和组织的溶解32.cellwallproteins细胞壁蛋白33.complementpathway补体系统34.complementdeposition补体沉积35.preventinglysisan/oropsonophagocytosis防止溶解和补体发挥调理作用36.ThepneumococcalHinhibitor(Hic)肺炎球菌H抑制体37.impedestheformationofC3convertase抑制C3转话体的形成38.pneumococcalsurfaceproteinC(PspC)肺炎球菌表面蛋白C39.choline-bindingproteinA(CbpA)胆碱结合蛋白A40.surface-anchoredsialidase(neuraminidase)NanA表面锚定唾液酸酶（唾液酸苷酶）41.sialicacid唾液酸42.pneumococcalsurfaceadhesinA(PsaA)肺炎球菌表面粘合分子43.potentialvaccinecandidates潜在的疫苗靶点44.Moleculartyping分子型45.pulsed-fieldgelelectrophoresis脉冲凝胶电泳46.geneticrelatedness基因相关性46.supersededbysequencingofhousekeepinggenes管家基因测序已取代（电泳）47.multilocussequencetyping,MLST多位点序列分型48.pneumococcalMLSTWebsite()肺球菌多位点分型查询49.whole-genomesequencingwillsoonsupersedeMLST全基因组测序不久将替代MLST50.routinechildhoodadministrationofpneumococcalpolysaccharide–proteinconjugatevaccine(PCV)幼年期常规注射肺球菌多糖蛋白结合物疫苗51.seculartrends长期趋势52.epidemiologicfeatures医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.13流行病学特征53.serotypedistribution血清学分布54.invasivepneumococcaldisease(IPD,definedasinfectionofanormallysterilesite)侵袭性肺炎球菌病（通常体内无菌出现感染）55.diseaseburden疾病负担56.militarybarracks军营57.intermittentinhabitantsofthehealthyhumannasopharynx正常人鼻咽腔的间断定植菌58.respiratorydroplets呼吸道飞沫59.socioeconomicstatus社会经济状况60.majorvectorsofpneumococcaltransmission主要的肺链球菌传播者61.Cross-sectionalprevalencedata横断面发病率数据62.highratesofcolonization高定植率63.communitytransmissiondynamics社区传播动力学64.cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)脑脊液65.aspirationofpneumococci吸入肺球菌66.apositivebloodculture血培养阳性67.routinepediatricvaccinationschedule常规幼儿疫苗接种计划68.pneumococcalpneumonia肺炎球菌肺炎69.bacteremia菌血症70.adefinitiveetiologicdiagnosis病原学诊断明确71.radiographicallyconfirmedpneumonia影像学确诊的肺炎72.clinicallydiagnosedpneumonia临床确诊的肺炎73.Thecase-fatalityratios(CFRs)病死率74.underlyingmedicalcondition基础疾病75.accesstocare治疗情况76.severityofdiseaseatpresentation起病时病情的严重程度77.hospitalizedpatients住院患者78.appropriateandtimelymanagementisavailable适当及时的治疗79.thefirst24hofhospitalization住院后24h医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.1480.rapidlyprogressivecascadeofevents快速进展81.irrespectiveofantibioticadministration与抗菌药物应用无关82.temperateclimate温带气候83.ethnicgroup民族84.crowdedsettings拥挤的环境85.susceptibleindividuals易感人群86.precedingviralrespiratorydisease(especiallybutnotexclusivelyinfluenza)曾患呼吸系统疾病（尤其但不限于流感）87.secondarypneumococcalinfections继发的肺炎球菌感染88.seasonalandpandemicinfluenza季节性、流行性感冒89.Reducedpneumococcalsusceptibilitytopenicillin肺炎球菌对青霉素敏感性下降90.prevalenceofpneumococcalisolatesresistanttosingleormultipleclassesofantibiotics分离出的肺炎球菌对一种或多种抗菌药物耐药的趋势明显91.minimalinhibitoryconcentrations(MICs)最小抑菌浓度92.risingabsolutemagnitude绝对值提高93.penicillinG青霉素G94.cefotaxime头孢噻肟（3nd）95.ceftriaxone头孢曲松96.macrolides大环内酯类97.difficult-to-treatinfections难治性感染98.pneumococcalantimicrobialnonsusceptibility肺炎球菌抗菌药物耐药问题99.mucosalsurfaces膜状表面100.otitismedia中耳炎101.pneumonia肺炎102.distantsites:brain远处播散103.joint关节104.bones骨骼105.peritonealcavity腹腔106.pneumococcalmeningitis肺炎球菌性脑膜炎107.secondarytohematogenous医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.15spread继发于血流感染108.flowofmucus粘液的流动109.avoidlocalimmunefactors逃避免疫因子110.leukocytes白细胞111.complement补体112.cilia纤毛（cilium的名词复数）113.mucociliaryescalator纤毛的活动114.mechanicalclearanceofpneumococci机械清除肺炎球菌115.colonizationepisodes定植的时间116.persistentcolonization长期定植117.developmentofcapsule-specificserumIgG（导致）夹膜特异性血清IgG抗体118.Intercurrentviralinfections并发的病毒感染119.Localcytokineproduction局部细胞因子的产生120.upregulateadhesionfactors上调粘附因子121.peptidoglycans肽葡聚糖122.teichoicacids磷壁酸123.interleukinIandIL-6白介素-1和白介素-6124.tumornecrosisfactor(TNF)肿瘤坏死因子125.Polymorphonuclearleukocytes多形核白细胞126.innateimmunefactors固有防御因子127.splenicfunction肾功能128.coughreflex咳嗽反射129.C-reactiveprotein(CRP)C反应蛋白130.phosphorylcholine磷脂胆碱131.Toll-likereceptor2(TLR2)Toll样受体2132.lipoteichoicacid脂膜酸133.cellwallpeptidoglycan细胞壁肽聚糖134.cysticfibrosis囊肿性纤维化135.bronchiectasis支气管扩张医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION4.16136.sicklecelldisease镰状细胞（贫血）病137.cross-reactiveantigens交叉反应抗原138.Tcell–independentantigens不依赖T细胞的抗原136.delayedontogeny（儿童）个体（B细胞防御系统）发育慢137.agammaglobulinemia丙种球蛋白缺乏138.chemicallydistinc