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一、时态和语态1.如何解答时态问题例1：You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You____A__justlastweek.lastweek是明确表示过去的时间状语,就必须用一般过去时.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed例2：AnneaskedTom__B____thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft考试重点：2.与完成时有关的时态★现在完成时(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow例1：Collectingtoycarsasahobbybecomesincreasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.ABCD例2：English___C___inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.inthepast所以用完成时A.hasbeenteachingB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught.★过去完成时(haddone)例3：AnneaskedTom____B__thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft例4：Thechemistryclass__A___forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.wouldbegan★将来完成时(willhavedone)by例5：We’relateIexpectthefilm__C__bythetimewegettothecinema.A.hadalreadystartedB.havealreadyC.willalreadyhavestartedD.havealreadybeenstarted.★现在完成进行时(havebeendoing)例6：Itseemsoil_____D______fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking★过去完成进行时(hadbeendoing)★将来完成进行时(willhavebeendoing)例7：Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_____D__fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying.3.在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时例1：Whenthemixture混合物__C___,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheated被加热D.hasheated例2：pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou__D____.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时例3：Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe____B___militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish注意：例4：Noonecanbesureifthecarondisplayfitshimorheruntilheorshe____A_them.A.triesB.willtryC.aretryingD.havetried4.考试小窍门◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。二、情态动词1.几个情态动词的否定式的含义can’tmaynotmustn’tneed’t2.表示推测的几个情态动词用法★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”+do对现在情况的推测must+havedone对过去情况的推测例1：I_____C___asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenight.A.mightfallB.mustfallC.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen★can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”+do对现在情况的推测can’t/couldn’t+havedone对过去情况的推测★may/mightnot表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…”+do对现在情况的推测may/might+havedone对过去情况的推测3.情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法needn’thavedoneshouldhavedoneshouldnothavedoneoughttohavedonecouldhavedone4.考试小窍门在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。×Mustdo√Musthavedone三、虚拟语气赵文通考试重点：1.条件句中的虚拟语气例１：IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI__C____him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.wouldknow例２：Ifabettermaterial___A___,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：如果条件句中有were,had,should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。例3：D____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.ifheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：Butfor/without…，…………,otherwise/or………,but/though….例４：Butforyourhelp,I__D___theworkintime.A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishA.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished例５：Withoutelectricity,humanlife___D_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe例６：Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe__A__tothemeeting.A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.couldcomeD.hadcome例７：Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney,butweChalfwayA.gaveupB.hadgivenupC.wouldgiveupD.weretogiveup错综时间条件句例８：IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.2.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如:例１：Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot.注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:例２：Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主语从句中例３：Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:例４：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening3.wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4.ifonly引导的感叹句中5.asif/asthough引导的状语从句中6.wouldrather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7.itis(high)timethat….句型中,从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1.不定式不定式的逻辑主语例１：Theroadiswildenoughforcarstopassby.例２：Itisimportantforyoutoworkhard.例３：Itiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式的时态和语态例４：Themagnificentmuseumissaid___B__aboutahundredyearsago.据说，那座宏伟的博物馆建成于大约一百年以前。A.tobebuiltB.tohavebeenbuiltC.tohavebuiltD.tohavebeingbuilt使用不带to的不定式1)whynotdo表示委婉的建议例１：Whynot___A__ProfessorLiforhelpHeiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp.A.askB.youaskC.toaskD.yourasking2)使役动词have,make,let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例２：Theteacherhasthestudents__D___acompositioneveryotherweek.A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write例３：Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg___B__A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking例４：Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself___B__makesbdoingsth在这里是被动所以用beingA.hearingB.beingtoldC.tohearD.heard3)表示生理感觉的动词如see,watch,notice,observe,hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例５：Withtearsonherface,theoldladywatchedthelittleboy___C__toahospital.send的主语是littleboy又表示被动所以选cA.sendB.tobesentC.beingsentD.sending4)dosomethingbut/exceptdo例６：Thereisnothingwecando_A____wait.A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofC.besides.5)记住下列不带to的短语can’tbutcan’thelpbuthadbetter2.动名词1.有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异rememberforgetregretstopgoonmean2.后面跟动名词的固定句式havetrouble/problems/difficultd