改基于单片机的油井系统测试仪设计

1摘要在开采石油的过程中，井下的温度和压强是必不可少的测量参数，准确的井下温度和压强测量对于油井监测等都具有重要的作用。油田投入开发后，随着开采时间的增长，油层压力不断下降，地下原油大量脱气，粘度增加，油井产量大大减少，甚至会停喷停产。为了弥补原油采出后所造成的地下亏空，保持或提高油层压力，实现油田高产稳产，利用注水井把水(或者气)注入油层，以补充和保持油层压力。然而采取这些操作时一定要在对井下条件有全面了解之后才能进行。在传统的测量井温过程中，使用了红外测温仪、红外热成像仪、温度传感器阵列等，但由于井下环境对测试仪器产生很大的影响，容易造成测试误差，且对于温度场的测量有很多不足。针对这一现状，本文以STC89C51单片机为核心，模数转换芯片ADc0809和串行EEPROM芯片AT24C32为主要外围扩展器件，设计了一套初级油井测试系统。本文设计的油井测试系统在硬件结构上由电源模块、振荡电路、复位电路、存储电路、数码管显示电路、数据采集电路、串行通讯电路以及其他一些外围电路组成，对于这些硬件模块本文给出了详细设计。本文设计的油井系统测试仪可以方便测得所需参数，具有精度较高、速度较快和采集稳定等优点，效果良好，而且数据采集部分具有通用性，可以二次开发应用于其他行业，前景广阔。关键词：油井测试，数据采集，STC89C51，ADC0809，AT24C322Title：DesignofaTesterfortheOilwellSystemAbstractIntheprocessofdrilling,downholetemperatureandpressureisessentialformeasuringparameters,accurateundergroundtemperatureandpressuremeasurementforoilwellmonitoringplaysanimportantrole.Oilfielddevelopment,alongwiththeexploitationtimeofgrowth,thereservoirpressuredropsceaselessly,theundergroundcrudeoillargedegassing,viscosityincreased,oilproductionisgreatlyreduced,orevenstoppingsprayingproduction.Inordertomakeupforcrudeoilextractionundergroundshortfallcausedby,maintainorincreasereservoirpressure,oilyield,utilizationofwaterinjectionwellwater(orgas)isinjectedintothereservoir,tosupplementandmaintainreservoirpressure.However,taketheseoperationsmustbeintohaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofthedownholeconditionscanonlybecarriedoutafter.Inthetraditionalmeasuringtemperatureprocess,theuseofinfraredthermometer,infraredthermalimaginginstrument,temperaturesensorarray,butduetotheenvironmentaltestequipmentproducesverybigeffect,easytocausethetestingerror,andthemeasurementoftemperaturefieldwithmanyshortcomings.Inviewofthissituation,basedontheSTC89C51single-chipmicrocomputerasthecore,a/DconversionchipADc0809andserialEEPROMchipAT24C32asthemainexternalexpansiondevice,designasetofprimaryoilwelltestingsystem.Inthispaperthedesignofoilwelltestingsystemonthehardwarestructureiscomposedofapowersupplymodule,oscillationcircuit,resetcircuit,astoragecircuit,digitaldisplaycircuit,dataacquisitioncircuit,serialcommunicationcircuitandsomeotherperipheralcircuit,thehardwaremodulethispapergivesadetaileddesign.Inthispaperthedesignofoilwellsystemtestercanbeconvenientlymeasuredparametersrequired,hashigheraccuracy,fasterandcollectingtheadvantagesofstability,goodeffect,andthedataacquisitionpartisgeneral,canbetwotimesthedevelopmentofappliedinotherindustries,andbroadprospects.Keywords：Oilwelltesting，Dataacquisition，STC89C51，ADC0809，AT24C3211目录第1章前言..........................................................31.1题目背景.................................................................................................................31.2国内外发展现状及研究内容................................................................................3第2章方案设计........................................................42.1测试系统概述........................................................................................................52.2基本思路.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。第3章硬件系统设计...................................................53.1元器件的选择........................................................................................................53.2硬件系统设计.........................................................................................................63.2.1系统结构框图..............................................63.2.2供电模块设计..............................................73.2.3振荡复位电路..............................................73.2.4通讯接口设计..............................................93.2.5存储电路设计.............................................103.2.6显示电路设计..............................................123.2.7数据采集电路.............................................13第4章软件系统设计...................................................144．1软件开发.............................................................................................................144．2数据采集程序.....................................................................................................144．3通信软件设计.....................................................................................................15第5章实验及结果分析................................................175.1电压信号采集实验..............................................................................................175.2电流信号采集实验..............................................................................................20第6章系统可靠性分析与设计..........................................226.1硬件可靠性技术..................................................................................................226.1.1总线的抗干扰.............................................226.1.2复位电路的可靠性.........................................226.1.3时钟电路抗干扰...........................................236.1.4前向通道的抗干扰.........................................236.1.5后向通道的抗干扰.........................................246.1.6存储器抗干扰.............................................246.1.7键盘抗干扰...............................................256.1.8显示单元抗干扰.....................................