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1ReportontheWorkoftheGovernment政府工作报告(2012年)过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值47．2万亿元，比上年增长9．2%；公共财政收入10．37万亿元，增长24．8%；粮食产量57121万吨，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8．4%和11．4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：Lastyear,Chinafacedacomplexandvolatilepoliticalandeconomicenvironmentabroadandarduousandchallengingreformanddevelopmenttasksathome.WorkinghardwithoneheartandonemindundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),theChinesepeopleofallethnicgroupsmadesignificantachievementsinreform,openingup,andsocialistmodernization.China'sGDPreached47.2trillionyuan,anincreaseof9.2%overthepreviousyear;governmentrevenuewas10.37trillionyuan,anincreaseof24.8%;andthecountry'sgrainoutputreachedarecordhighof571.21milliontons.Atotalof12.21millionnewurbanjobswerecreated.Thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsandthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentsroseinrealtermsby8.4%and11.4%,respectively.Weconsolidatedandbuiltuponourachievementsinrespondingtotheglobalfinancialcrisis,andgottheTwelfthFive-YearPlanperiodofftoagoodstart.Weaccomplishedthefollowinginourworklastyear.我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。Wefollowedaproactivefiscalpolicyandaprudentmonetarypolicy,andmaintainedabalancebetweenensuringsteadyandrobusteconomicdevelopment,adjustingtheeconomicstructure,andmanaginginflationexpectations.Wepaidgreaterattentiontoimplementingpolicieswiththeproperfocus,force,andpace;conductedprudentandflexiblemacro-controlonamoderatescaleandinatimelyfashion;andconstantlymadeourpoliciesmoretargeted,flexible,andforward-looking.在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。Amidworseninginflationexpectationsworldwide,fluctuatingandhighpricesofmajorcommoditiesontheworldmarket,significantlyhighercostsoffactorsofproductionathome,andashortageofsomeagriculturalproducts,wemadeensuringgeneralpricestabilityourtoppriorityinmacro-control,pursuedpoliciesinanintegratedway,rationallyusedmonetarypolicytoolstoregulatethesuppliesofmoneyandcredit,vigorouslydevelopedproductiontoensuresupply,boosteddistribution,andstrengthenedsupervision.Asaresult,increasesintheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)andtheproducerpriceindex(PPI)beganfallinginAugust,thusreversingthetrendofrapidinflation.下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。Inthesecondhalfoftheyear,whentheglobaleconomyfacedgreaterinstabilityanduncertaintyandwhennewdevelopmentsandproblemsoccurredinChina'seconomy,wekeptthebasicorientationofmacro-controlunchanged,maintainedthebasiccontinuityofourmacroeconomicpolicies,andcontinuedtocurbinflation.Inaddition,wecarriedouttimelyandappropriateanticipatoryadjustmentsandfine-tuning,strengthenedcoordinationbetweencreditandindustrialpolicies,andincreasedstructuraltaxreductions.Wefocusedonsupportingtherealeconomy,especiallysmallandmicrobusinesses;improvingthepeople'swellbeing,especiallybybuildinglow-incomehousingprojects;and2ensuringfundingforkeyprojectsthatareunderconstructionorexpansion.Thesewell-targetedmeasuresweretakentosolvemajoreconomicproblems.我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。Westeadfastlytightenedregulationoftherealestatemarketandensuredthatcontrolpolicieswerefullycarriedoutandachievedrealprogress.Consequently,speculativeorinvestment-drivenhousingdemandhasbeensignificantlycurbed,housingpricesinmostChinesecitieshavefallenmonthonmonth,andtheresultsofourcontrolmeasuresarebeginningtoshow.Weattachedgreatimportancetoguardingagainstandeliminatinglatentriskswhichexistinthebankingandpublicfinancesectors.Wefullyauditedlocalgovernmentdebtinatimelymanner,andobtainedaclearpictureofthetotalamount,duedates,geographicdistribution,andcausesofthedebtslocalgovernmentsincurredovertheyears.Thesedebtshaveplayedapositiveroleinpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandproducedalargeamountofqualityassets.However,theyalsocontainedrisksandhiddendangers,andsomelocalitieswithpoorabilitytopaytheirdebtswereatriskofdefault.我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。Wesortedoutandstandardizedthesedebts,imposedacapontheirincrease,andactivelyyetprudentlysolvedproblemsrelatedtotherepaymentofsuchdebtsandadditionalfundingforongoingprojects.GovernmentdebtinChinanowisatacontrollableandsecurelevel.China'seconomyasawholecontinuestogrowasweanticipatedinourexerciseofmacro-controlsandhasbecomemoreresilient.Economicgrowthisrobust,pricesarestabilizing,economicreturnsaregood,andthepeople'swellbeingisimproving.推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工