应用-ADME成药性评价与非临床药动学研究20131211

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体内药物分析应用1ADME早期成药性评价与非临床药代动力学研究Productivitytrendduring2009and2010.Theclinicalrateofsuccessisdepictedaspercentagesurvivingateachclinicalphasebasedonattritionobservedduring2009and2010.IshKhannaDrugdiscoveryinpharmaceuticalindustry:productivitychallengesandtrendsDrugDiscoveryTodayVolume17,Issues19?2020121088-1102新药发现、开发的风险2NDA:newdrugapplicationIND:investigationalnewdrugShiftingparadigmindrugfailuresduringthepasttwodecades.Theclinicalphase(I-III)failureofdrugsisdividedbasedonreasonsoffailureintheyears1991(a)and2000(b).ce:italicAbbreviation/ce:italic:DMPK:drug...IshKhannaDrugdiscoveryinpharmaceuticalindustry:productivitychallengesandtrendsDrugDiscoveryTodayVolume17,Issues19?2020121088-1102在新药开发中的重要性新药在临床被淘汰的原因比较3早期成药性评价早期药效成药性评价早期毒理成药性评价早期ADME成药性评价合适的半衰期较好的生物利用度(口服)靶部位浓度较高较小代谢性药物相互作用(酶、转运体)45AbsorptionBarriers未被吸收(nonabsorption)外排(activeefflux)肠道代谢(intestinalmetabolism)肝脏代谢(hepaticmetabolism)胆汁排泄(biliaryexcretion)药物损失(drugloss)F:进入体循环的药物量fa:从小肠肠腔吸收的药物量fg:小肠代谢后剩余的药物量fh:肝脏代谢后剩余的药物量6小肠转运的体外模型TranswellSystem将待考察物加入AP侧,孵育后测定BL侧药物,计算PappAPBL将待考察物加入BL侧,孵育后测定AP侧药物,计算PappBLAP计算PappBLAP/PappAPBL考察给予转运体抑制剂时(Papp/inhibitor)透过性大小的判断依据:Papp(cm/s)1×10-6,吸收不良1-10×10-6,中等吸收10×10-6,吸收良好普萘洛尔PappA→B为5×10-6cm/s荧光黄PappA→B1×10-6cm/s对照3)(Eq1RatioEfflux2)(Eq11)(Eq1BL)app(APAP)app(BL0appPPCAdtdQPAdtdQvdQ/dt表示单位时间内接收室中药物出现的量;A为膜面积(1.13cm2);C0为给药室药物初始浓度。selectedhumantransportproteinsfordrugsandendogenoussubstancesMembranetransportersindrugdevelopment.NatureReviews,DrugDiscovery2010,9:215-236.8创新药物研究中对药物转运体研究的要求9USFDA创新药物研究中要求考察的CYPCYP1A2CYP3A4CYP2B6CYP2C8CYP2C9CYP2C19CYP2D610实例111实例212NNSBrOOOOXY-1XY-1在血浆中的稳定性(37℃)平均C-t曲线0123409001800270036004500time(h)Plasmaconcentration(ng/mL)大鼠iv20.0mg/kgXY-1后全血中药物的平均浓度-时间曲线实例313TCDMNTCDMN对肿瘤细胞毒性的IC50很小,但口服给药无活性???大鼠灌胃给药后血浆及组织中均测不到原型药物TCDMN,但是能测到TCDML实例3140246020406080TCDMNTCDMLincubationtime(min)Concentration(mol/L)A0246810020406080TCDMNTCDMLincubationtime(min)Concentration(mol/L)B0246810020406080incubationtime(min)Concentration(mol/L)CTCDMN在大鼠肝微粒体(A)、空肠组织提取物(B)及血浆(C)中的水解及其产物(TCDML)生成的时间曲线15microsomeliverS9intestineplasma012345306090120TCDMNTCDMLTCDMNorTCDMLchange(mmol/mgprotein/min)TCDMN与大鼠肝微粒体、S9、肠道蛋白及血浆孵育后,TCDMN的减少及TCDML的生成(mmol/mgprotein/min)比较,数据以mean±SE,n=3iv是否可行?16kidneybrainheartadiposespleenliver02004006008001000Concentration(ng/g)大鼠静注17.5mg/kgTCDMN4小时后,各组织中水解产物TCDML的浓度(mean±SD,n=5)0246051015T(h)Concentration(g/mL)0123401234T(h)Concentration(g/ml)大鼠静注17.5mg/kgTCDMN后血浆中TCDML平均浓度-时间曲线,图中数据以mean±SE表示,n=3.ivTCDMN后肿瘤组织中原型药物浓度很低抑瘤率仍不高171.从制剂着手进行改进2.与水解酶抑制剂合用ivTCDMN后肿瘤组织中原型药物浓度很低抑瘤率仍不高放弃18实例4CYP亚型JS-001阳性对照浓度(μM)抑制率%抑制剂浓度(μM)抑制率%1A2118.2±0.69呋拉茶碱*furafylline0.7711.8±1.3562.2±2.31068.3±0.802A61-毛果芸香碱pilocarpine524.3±0.515-10-2B6**1舍曲林sertraline55102C8151.7±0.56槲皮素quercetin1080.7±3.0587.6±1.41092.4±1.32C9157.1±1.8磺胺苯吡唑sulfaphenazole0.519.2±1.5586.0±1.31088.8±0.462C19150.4±1.1努特卡酮nootkatone0.59.26±1.5588.0±0.771092.0±0.252D6136.0±1.7奎尼丁quinidine0.473.4±0.82571.3±1.11075.4±0.672E1124.3±2.8二乙基二硫代氨基磺酸盐diethyldithiocarbamate2012.6±2.4538.4±3.61039.7±0.633A4/5(testosterone)150.8±1.1酮康唑ketoconazole0.279.1±0.54582.0±4.71080.8±0.763A4/5(midazolam)130.0±2.2酮康唑ketoconazole0.270.5±0.47569.7±1.41074.8±0.63鸡尾酒探针底物法结果19CYP酶(亚型/底物)HR001阳性抑制剂IC50Ki名称IC50Ki(文献)CYP1A2/非那西丁5.300.542呋拉茶碱2.500.6-0.73CYP3A4/5/咪达唑仑0.5183.02酮康唑0.02750.27CYP3A4/5/睾酮0.7140.263酮康唑0.01100.0037-0.18CYP2C8/紫杉醇1.710.135槲皮素5.851.1CYP2C9/甲苯磺丁脲0.4961.41磺胺苯吡唑0.6450.3CYP2C19/奥美拉唑1.430.703噻氯匹啶9.791.2CYP2D6/右美沙芬0.9590.522奎尼丁0.05130.027-0.4JS-001对人肝微粒体主要CYP酶亚型抑制的IC50及Ki(μmol/L)[I]/KiPrediction[I]/Ki1Likely1[I]/Ki0.1Possible0.1[I]/KiRemote预测依据(FDA指南)20CYP(底物)JS-001IC50(µmol/L)阳性对照对照药浓度(µmol/L)抑制率%CYP1A2(非那西丁)23.4呋拉茶碱2.572.2CYP3A4(咪达唑仑)0.393酮康唑0.02567.5CYP3A4(睾酮)0.256酮康唑0.01082.0CYP2C8(紫杉醇)2.17槲皮素5.027.5CYP2C9(甲苯磺丁脲)0.420磺胺苯吡唑0.5050.8CYP2C19(奥美拉唑)18.1噻氯匹啶1047.1CYP2D6(右美沙芬)2.37奎尼丁0.05071.1JS-001对重组人CYP酶的抑制作用实例521药物浓度(μmol/L)Papp(×10-6cm/s)AP→BLBL→APEffluxRatioAS-001020.30±0.034.6±0.0715.440.40±0.025.1±0.0112.680.80±0.035.4±0.36.7普萘洛尔1013.611.30.83荧光黄450.16±0.08AS-0010在培养21天的单层Caco-2细胞转运22MDCK-mockMDCK-MDR10.00.51.01.5AS-0010-1μmol/L+verapamil+elacridar*####uptake(nmol/mgprotein)MDCK-mockMDCK-MDR101234AS-0010-2μmol/L+verapamil+elacridar**####uptake(nmol/mgprotein)AS-0010在MDCK-mock及MDCK-MDR1中的积聚及Verapamil(100μmol/L)及elacridar(20μmol/L)对积聚的影响LLC-PK1LLC-PK1-BCRP0.00.51.01.5AS-0010-1μmol/L+cyclosporinA+elacridar#**###uptake(nmol/mgprotein)LLC-PK1LLC-PK1-BCRP01234AS-0010-2μmol/L+cyclosporinA+elacridar#***####uptake(nmol/mgprotein)AS-0010在LLC-PK1及LLC-PK1-BCRP中的积聚及cyclosporinA(100μmol/L)及elacridar(20μmol/L)对积聚的影响实例6-SWK-00223024680.000.050.100.150.200.25制剂1(1:2.5);n=8制剂2(1:5);n=7Time(h)Concentration(g/mL)IV5mg/kg0123450510152025Time(h)Concentration(g/mL)雄性大鼠口服SWK-002制剂Ⅰ及制剂Ⅱ后血浆中SWK-002浓度-时间变化曲线雄性大鼠静脉注射SWK-0025mg/kg后血浆中SWK-002浓度-时间变化曲线GroupF(AUC0-t)oral/doseoral/(AUC0-t)inj/doseinj(×100%)F(AUC0

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