教师版语法导学案

Book3Unit4Astronomy:theScienceoftheStarsGrammar名词性从句之主语从句一．学习目标：1.了解主语从句。2.了解主语从句在使用过程中要注意的问题。二．学习过程。1.主语从句的定义：主语从句就是在一个句子中作主语的从句。引导主语从句的关联词有：that,what,where,when,why,who,whether,wherever,whenever,whoever,however等。对比下列各组句子：1）Yourplanisnotpermitted.Thatteacherspunishstudentsphysicallyisnotpermitted.2）Yourplanisinteresting.Whatyousaidisinteresting.3）Hisplanisstillnotknownyet.Whetherhewilltravelwithusisstillnotknownyet.4）Thisdoesn’tmatteratall.Whicheveryouchoosedoesn’tmatteratall.5）Everybodywillbewelcome.Whoeverattendsthismeetingwillbewelcome.找出课文中包含主语从句的句子：1）Itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewastolastornot.2）Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintooceansandseas.3）Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.上述由whether,what引导的三个从句在复合句中起主语作用，叫主语从句。2.引导主语从句的连接词分三类：1）从属连词that,whether/if；that在句子中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，且本身无实际意义。Whether/if在从句中起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但表示“是否”的意思。eg:Thatyoudidn’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢他与我无关。eg:Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.她是否回家不得而知。2）连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。what,who,whom,which可以与ever构成合成词引导从句，起强调作用。这些连接代词在句子中充当句子成分，不能省略。eg:Whatwecannotgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.得不到的东西似乎总比我们拥有的好。eg:Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.走得最晚的应当关灯。3）连接副词when,where,why,how；连接副词在从句中充当状语，不能省略。eg:whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoeveryone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。3.主语从句的用法划出下面这个句子的主语并观察从句的意思和结构是否完整：Thathumanbeingsareabletoflytothemoonisnolongeradream.注：当主语从句的结构和意思完整时，用连词that引导主语从句；当主语从句的意思和结构不完整时，则根据需要选用适当的连词。选择最佳答案：___B____willattendtheinternationalconferenceinsteadofMrZhouhasn’tbeenbeendecided.A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.WhichItisunknown___D____moneywewillneedforourresearchwork.A.whatB.thatC.howmanyD.howmuch___A____Ican’tunderstandis_______shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because4.〖注意〗1）主语从句必须是陈述句的语序。Whatareyougoingtodoisyourownbusiness.（×）Whatyouaregoingtodoisyourownbusiness.（√）2）that作为引导词不可省略。eg:Thattheyweretruesisterssurprisedeveryone.3）为了保持整个句子的平衡，如果主语从句太长，谓语太短，有时候可以考虑用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。eg:Itisamiraclethatshesurvivedtheaccident.eg:Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillbethepresident.eg:Itdependsontheweatherwhetherwe’llgoouting.4）在下面两种情况下，必须用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语------主语从句放在后面：在疑问句中。Isittruethathewillbepunishedseriouslybytheheadmaster?Doesitmakeanydifferencewhoboughtthesegifts?在感叹句中。Howstrangeitisthatthesechildrenaresoquite!5）主语从句中虚拟语气的运用：Itis(was)+suggested(ordered/proposed/decided...)+that+(should)+动词原形eg:Itisproposedthatmoreselectivecoursesbeofferednextyear.eg:Ithasbeendecidedthataspecialcommitteebeformedtosupervisethework.Itis(was)+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形该句式中的形容词一般包括：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,imperative,necessary,impossible等。eg:Itisimportantthatthestudentstakebriefnoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.eg:Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.6）注意区别：形式主语结构和强调句型结构。分析下列两个句子：Itisdifficultthathewillhavetofinishthisjobbyhimselfbefore5p.m.Itisyesterdayafternoonthathesavedtheboy’slifeinthatcoldriver.他们的区别是：如果把itis...that省略，是病句，是正确的句子。即：是形式主语结构，是强调句型结构。5.专项训练1）选择最佳选项：①__C____isdonecannotbeundone.A.WhyB.WhenC.WhatD.Where②___A___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what③___B___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where④___D___isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It⑤－Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?－Theyalwaysletmedo__D____IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what⑥__C____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who⑦Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris__C____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.howB.whyC.thatD.When⑧___D___thenewsistrueremainsaquestion.A.ThatB.IfC.WhatD.Whether⑨___B___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which⑩Ithasbeenproved__D____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.That2)句子改错：①Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.weshall②Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.Thatyou③Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.It___④Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whoever⑤Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.shouldlearn⑥Nomatterwhatwedomustbeintheinterestofthepeople.Whatever⑦Air,orthatiscalledtheatmosphere,surroundsthewholeworld.what⑧ThatsurprisedmemostwasthatMaryspokeChinesejustlikeWhatanativespeaker.3)完成句子：①Whenhecanworkoutthemathproblemisunknown.他什么时候能算出那道数学题还是个未知数。②Whatyouneedismoreoralpractice.你需要的是更多的口语练习。③It’sapitythatyoumissedsuchafineTVplay.这样好的电视剧你没看到真是遗憾。④Itishardtosaywhichfootballteamwillwinthematch.哪个足球队能赢得这场比赛还很难说。⑤Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.他为什么做这件事还不十分清楚。