EAR(估计平均需要量)

CHILDHOODNUTRITIONANDFEEDINGDRIsEAR（估计平均需要量）RNI（推荐摄入量）AI（适宜摄入量）UL（可耐受最高摄入量）NutrientsEnergyProteinLipidCarbohydrateVitaminMineralWaterFoodfiber1.EnergyBasalmetabolism(55-44-30-25kcal/kg/d)ThermodynamiceffectoffoodPhysicalactivityGrowthExcretionOthersperistalsisinfant7%~8%digestionabsorptionelderchildren5%MentalityandemotionEnvironment1.EnergyGeneralEnergyNeedsBasalmetabolism50%Physicalactivity25%Growth12%Excretion8%6~12yrsInfant110kcal/kg↓every3yrs10kcal/kg15yrs60kcal/kg2.ProteinEssentialaminoacidNon-essentialaminoacidRecommendamountbreastmilk2.0g/kgcowmilk3.5g/kgvegetativeprotein4.0g/kgGeneralEnergyproportion8%-15%3.LipidSaturatedfattyacidUnsaturatedfattyLinoleicacid（亚油酸）→Linolenicacid（亚麻酸）→≥1:2n-6n-3GeneralEnergyproportion45-50%25-30%4.Carbohydrate1yr12g/kg/d2yrs10g/kg/dGeneralEnergyproportion55%-65%Protein8%~15%Lipid25%~30%Carbohydrate55%~65%GeneralEnergyproportion5.VitaminVitAVitDVitEVitKVitBVitCFat---solubleWater---soluble6.MineralMacroelements(0.01%BW)Traceelements(0.01%BW)CaPKNaZnFeCoSe7.WaterNeonatal80%1yr70%……Adult55%~60%Infant150ml/kgEvery3yrs↓25ml/kg9yr75ml/kgAdult50ml/kg8.FoodfiberpreventconstipationdegradecholesterolInfantFeedingBreastfeedingAlbumin白蛋白↑Casein酪蛋白↓Taurine牛磺酸↑Glutamate谷氨酸↑Advantagesprotein3：2BreastfeedingFatLong-chainlipidacid↑Unsaturatedfatty↑CarbohydrateLactose↑Bacillusbifidus↑VitaminA/D/E↑BreastfeedingmineralsCa:P（2：1）--absorptionFe50%absorptionrateZn↑BreastfeedingSIgA↑Lactoferrin↑Lysozyme↑Bifidus↑Antibody↑ImmunizationBacillusBreastfeedingNaturalfoodConvenientfeedingRecoveringfromdeliveryBaby-motherattachmentOthersBreastfeedingElementsofbreastmilkindifferentphasecolostrum:proteintransitionalmilk:lipidmaturemilk:stableelementslatemilk:protein0~5d6~10d11d~9m10mFormulaFeedingFormulamilkFortifiednutrientsFeZnVitAVitBVitCVitD…InfantFeeding---SupplementaryFood2wVitD4-6mRicepowder7-9mmeshedvegetable、meat、fruit、softnoodle、biscuit10-12msoftrice、thickporridge、fine-cutvegetable、meat、beanproductsetc.12-24mpiece-cutfood24m-normalAgefoodFeedingprinciplesReasonablefoodarrangementprotein:fat:carbohydrate≌1：1：4-510%25-30%50-60%FoodqualityFeedingbehaviorFeedingenvironmentEvaluationofnutritionconditionHistoryNutritionstudyfoodinvestigationphysicalgrowthevaluationphysicalexaminationlaboratorytestStandardUnderweightStuntingWastingW≤-2SDL≤-2SDW/L≤-2SDSummaryNutrientrequirementBreastfeedingFormulafeedingSupplementaryFoodEvaluationofnutritionconditionDiscussion(TorF)1.TheVitDinbreastmilkisenoughforfullbreastfeedinginfants.2.Cerealsupplementforinfantsistheearlythebetter.3.Breastmilkiseasiertodigestthanformulamilk.Thankyou!