延续性动词和短暂性动词笔记

持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间，此类动词有do,live,have,keep,wear,sleep,wait,work,play,stay,know,sing,dance,write,study,rest,talk,walk等.瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，此类动词有open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,leave,move,borrow,buy,die,lend,join,catch,get,win,fail等一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,slean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,write,sit,stand,lie,keep等。二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：Hisparentstalkedwiththeteacherforhalfanhour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）Mymotherhaslaininbedfor3days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）MyparentshavelivedinShanghaisince1950.（我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。）2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforhtreeyears.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用hasleft初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、go——beaway2、come——behere3、comeback——beback4、leave——beaway（benothere）5、buy——have6、borrow——keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish——beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow——know14、turnon——beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown——sit/beseated17、join——bein（…）或bea…membera)用延续性动词代替终止性动词1、用have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替putonb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。Come-behereGo–bethereleave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,feelill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacoldcomehere---behere,gothere---bethere,become---be,comeback---beback,fallasleep---beasleep,getto/arrive/reach---be(in),leave---beawayfrom,gettoknow---know,go(get)out→beout，puton→wear；例:Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.----Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.---Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.补充练习：1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5.Youmustn't________untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft6.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead11.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad13.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on18.He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad