1高中英语的重头戏非谓语动词doingdonetodo2判断下列句子中哪些是谓语动词?哪些是非谓语动词?Hewantedtoseeafilm.Hepickedupabookandpretendedtobereading.Seenfromthehill,ourschoolisverybeautiful.Hehadhishaircut.Heremembersreadingthebooksomewhere.谓语动词和非谓语动词1.谓语动词表示句子的主要动作,要随主语的人称、数的变化而变化。而非谓语动词无人称和数的变化。2.谓语动词只作谓语,非谓语动词除谓语以外的所有成分都可以做。不定式tosee做wanted的宾语过去分词cut做宾语补足语。动名词短语readingthebook做remembers的宾语。非谓语动词的性质特点:没有人称和数的变化,也有时态语态的变化。它可以有自己的宾语和状语。非谓语动词加上自己的宾语或状语构成非谓语动词短语。如:不定式短语;分词短语等。不定式短语作宾语过去分词短语作状语3非谓语动词动名词:doing分词现在分词doing过去分词done不定式:todo非谓语动词的分类有人将动名词和现在分词统称为ing形式4非谓语动词动名词:notdoing分词现在分词notdoing过去分词notdone不定式:nottodo非谓语动词的否定式注意:加not,而不是don’t。要加在基本式的最前面。5复习动词时态的基本形式•一般式:do•进行式:bedoing•完成式:havedone复习被动语态的基本形式•一般式:bedone•进行式:bebeingdone•完成式:havebeendone6非谓语动词的时态和语态形式动词不定式的时态、语态形式名称基本式主动被动一般式dotodotobedone进行式bedoingtobedoingtobebeingdone完成式havedonetohavedonetohavebeendone构成说明:在基本式前加to,构成不定式的的各种时态和语态形式。7动名词和现在分词的时态、语态形式名称基本式主动被动一般式dodoingbeingdone完成式havedonehavingdonehavingbeendone过去分词只有一个形式:done它的含义是:既表示完成又表示被动构成说明:将基本式的第一个单词变为ing形式。就构成了动名词和现在分词的各种时态语态形式。8谓语动词的时态与非谓语动词的时态有何区别?•I’mstanding.我正站着(说话时正站着)•Hehasclosedthedoor.他把门关了(说话时们已经关了)•Wewillseeafilm.打算去看电影(说话时还没看电影)•这些时态是以什么为参考点呢?•谓语动词的时态是以说话时间为参考点。与说话时间同时则用现在时,比说话时间早则用过去时或完成时,比说话时间迟则用将来时。9那么,非谓语动词是以什么为参照点呢?•先看几个句子•Hepretendedtobereading.(tobereading与pretended同时发生,与说话时间无关)•Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasketball.(做作业在打篮球之前)•Hewenthometoseehismother.(tosee发生在went之后)•Hesattheresinging.(sat与singing同时发生)•非谓语动词的时态是以主句谓语动词作为参照点,与说话时间没关系。10不定式的时态意义名称意义功能例句一般式todo迟于主句谓语动词宾语,目的,结果状语Hedecidedtogohome.(宾语)Hewenthometoseehismother.(目的)Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(结果)进行式tobedoing与主句谓语动词同时宾语Hepretendedtobereading.Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.完成式tohavedone早于主句谓语动词补足语Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad.11-Ing形式的时态意义名称意义功能例句一般式doing与主句谓语动词同时,伴随状语Hesattheresinging.(伴随)早于主句谓语动词宾语Heremembersreadingthebooksomewhere.迟于主句谓语动词结果状语Anearthquakehitthecity,causing200deaths.经常性定语Thebikebelongingtohimisblack.完成式Havingdone早于主句谓语动词状语Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasketball.(时间状语)12过去分词的意义•过去分词的形式只有一个•Done•既表示完成(先于主句谓语动词)又表示被动(与其逻辑主语成被动关系)•如:abrokenbottle.(作定语)•Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasupset.(作状语)•Ihadmyhaircut.(补足语)•有时只表示完成不表示被动或者只表示被动不表示完成。•Fallenleaves落叶(只表示完成)•Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.(做伴随状语,只表示被动,不表示完成)13例:1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen________,thatIwillstudyinAmericainSeptember.(辽宁卷)A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’tknow之前,用不定式的完成式。句意是:我不知道你是否碰巧听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。142.Theoldman,________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(江苏卷)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,表示时间,相当于afterhehasworkedabroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。15“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,________outofthewindow.(四川卷)AlookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooking【分析】答案选A。lookingoutofthewindow与谓语动词said同时发生,用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示伴随情况,一边看,一边说。D的形式错误,如果改作havinglooked也是可以的,表示“先看再说”。16谓语动词的语态与非谓语动词的语态有何区别?•Englishistaughtinourschool.•Hecametoseehismother.•HewantedtobesenttoXingjiang.•Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasupset.•asleepingboy•abrokenbottle•Hehadhishaircut.•Wesawhimdoinghishomework.•Hewasmadetodohishomeworkagain.•主语不同。谓语动词的语态只看句子主语与谓语的关系。而非谓语动词的时态是要看非谓语与它的逻辑主语(或者叫意义主语)的关系。17那么,谁是非谓语动词的逻辑主语呢?•做不同的成分,逻辑主语不同。•非谓语动词作定语时,它的逻辑主语一般是被修饰词。•asleepingboy•abrokenbottle•非谓语动词作状语、宾语时,它的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。•Hecametoseehismother.•HewantedtobesenttoXingjiang.•Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasupset.•非谓语动词作补足语时,它的逻辑主语一般是前面的宾语或主语。18LittleJimshouldlove________tothetheatrethisevening.(全国卷)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.Taking【分析】答案选A。句子主语LittleJim与take是被动关系,“被带去看戏”发生在“想(shouldlove=want)”后,所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。说明:①动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况:在作表语或宾补的形容词后用作状语时;作定语修饰have,therebe,this/that/these/thosebe等后面的名词或代词时;作表语的toblame等。如:1.Thetextisdifficulttolearn.这篇课文很难学。(tolearn主动表被动)2.Wefoundthetextdifficulttolearn.我们觉得这篇课文很难学。(tolearn主动表被动)3.Hewastoblameforthat.他因此受到了责备。(作表语的toblame主动表被动)19Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars________roadconditionsneed________.(上海卷)A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving【分析】答案选A。needimproving=needtobeimproved。that引导的从句与problem是同位语。204.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?(上海卷________)A.tobebuyingB.tobeboughtC.forbuyingD.Bought【分析】答案B考查非谓语动词的用法。这里要注意have意思的理解。have为“有”,主语是you他不参与buy的动作;不要和havesthdone结构混淆,此处的have为让别人作,被动。(1).Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(此处的have为有,但主语参与用todo;)(2).Ihavemyhaircut.(此处的have为使、让的意思,主语使sth被做(一般请别人做)(3)Ihaveyoudothatagain.(have为“使”的意思,do为不定式做补足语)-21-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.(2014江西)Whenitcomestospeaking(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.2.(2014江西)Havingspent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.3.(2014江西)Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.4.(2014浙江)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.5.(2014山东)There’sanotepinnedtothedoorsaying(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.6.(2014山东)It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisonetoemploy(employ)asecurityofficer.7.(2014陕西)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?-22-ⅠⅡ