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ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.1)Whendopeoplecomeintoyourlife“forareason”?A)Whentheyknowyouwell.B)Whenyouneedtheminlife.C)Whenyoucansupporttheircareer.D)Whentheyarewillingtolistentoyourtroubles.2)Whowillendthefriendshipwiththepersonthatisinyourlifeforareason?A)Thepersonhimself.B)You.C)Neitheryounortheperson.D)Bothyouandtheperson.3)Whatdoesa“friendforaseason”mean?A)Someonewhoisgoodatmakingyoulaugh.B)Someonewhoteachesyouhowtohavefun.C)Someonewhowillstayinyourlifeforashorttime.D)Someonewhocomesintoyourlifeonlyforfun.4)Whatisalifetimefriend?A)Someonewhoalwayshelpsyououtofdifficulties.B)Someonewhounderstandsyoubetterthananyoneelse.C)Someonewhohasexperiencedhardshipswithyou.D)Someonewhotogetherwithyoumakesupasinglesoulintwobodies.5)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Threedifferentstagesoffriendship.B)Threedifferenttypesoffriendshipinourlife.C)Threedifferentwaysofgettingalongwithpeople.D)Threedifferentlessonsonhowtobegoodtoyourfriends.TaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentothepassageagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.1)Peoplecomeintoourlifeforareason,foraseasonorforalifetime.2)Whenyoufigureoutwhypeoplecomeintoyourlife,youwillknowexactlywhattodo.3)Whensomeoneisinyourlifeforareason,itisusuallytomeetaneedyouhaveexpressedoutwardlyorinwardly.Theyhavecometohelpyououtofadifficulty,ortoprovideyouwithguidanceandsupport.4)Whenpeoplecomeintoyourlifeforaseason,theymaybringyouanexperienceofpeaceormakeyoulaugh.5)Lifetimefriendshipsarebasedontrustandunderstandingbetweenyouandyourfriend.Lifetimefriendshipsteachyoulifetimelessonsandyoushouldlearntoacceptthem.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.1)Whydopeopletendtohaveathinunderstandingoffriendship?Itisbecausethereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.2)WhatarethethreekindsoffriendshipaccordingtoAristotle?Theyarefriendshipbasedonutility,friendshipbasedonpleasureandfriendshipbasedongoodness.3)WhatdoesCiceroemphasizeinhisdefinitionoffriendship?Heemphasizestheelementofvirtueinfriendship.4)Whatismeantby“virtuousfriends”accordingtotheclassicalviews?Virtuousfriendspossessmoralexcellenceandshareacommitmenttothegood.2TextAcanbedividedintofourpartswiththeparagraphnumber(s)ofeachpartprovidedasfollows.Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.PartParagraph(s)MainIdeaOne1It’snecessarytoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendshipinordertoacquireabetterunderstandingofit.Two2–5AccordingtoAristotle,therearethreekindsoffriendship,whicharerespectivelybasedonutility,pleasureandgoodness.Friendshipbasedongoodnessisperfectandtotallydifferentfromfriendshipbasedonutilityorpleasure.Three6AccordingtoCicero,truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen.Insuchfriendshipsandrelationships,thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Four7Virtuousfriendsareboundbymoralexcellence,whichinvolvesahighlevelofdevelopmentandexpressionofthealtruisticemotionsofsympathy,concernandcare.TaskTwoReadingBetweentheLinesReadthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddiscussinpairswhattheauthorsintendtosaybytheitalicisedparts.1.Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.(Para.1)Sincesocietylackssociallyacceptedcriteriaforwhatfriendshipis,apersonmaybedescribedasa“friend”inonecontextbutmaynotbesuitablycalledsoinanother.2.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthemoment.(Para.4)Itisbelievedthatyoungpeopletendtoregardpleasureasanessentialelementoffriendshipandthusbasetheirfriendshiponpleasure.3.Suchfriendshipsarerarebecausemenofthiskindarefewandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;forasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.(Para.5)Itisnoteasytoestablishtruefriendshipsbecausethereisonlyasmallnumberofsuchgoodmenintheworldandittakestimeandefforttodevelopsuchfriendships.Thatiswhytruefriendshipsarerare.4.Toperceiveafriend,therefore,isinamannertoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendisinamannertoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself.(Para.7)Whentwopeoplearetruefriends,eachislikeamirrortotheother,whocanseewhatkindofapersonhehimselfhasprovedtobeandwhetherhehasmoralexcellenceornot.5.Friendshipofthiskindnecessarilyinvolvesconversationsaboutwell-beingandofwhatmightbeinvolvedinlivingthegoodlife.(Para.7)Wecanfindallthegoodqualitiesinvirtuousfriendsanditisthosequalitiesthatmakepermanentfriendshippossible.CheckingYourVocabularyWordDetective1PutdowntherightwordfromTextBinthespaceprovidedaccordingtothegivendefinition.Thefirstletterofeachwordisalreadygiven.Example:keen:(ofthemind,thesenses,etc.)good,strong,quickatunderstanding,etc.1)correspond:exchangelettersregularly2)build:shapeandsize,esp.ofthehumanbody3)sensible:reasonable;havingorshowinggoodsense4)brilliant:verybright,splendid,orshowyinappearan