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SpotDictationDirections:Youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom11-20withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.(10points)Thecareofelderlyparentsshouldbediscussedamongsteveryoneinthefamily.Itisimportanttohaverespectfulandopenconversations,gentlydiscussingaparent'swishes,needsandabilitiesbasedupontheirmental,emotionalandphysicalcondition.Ofcourse,theidealsituationiswhenparentstaketheinitiativetomakedecisionsregardingtheirowncareinadvance,ratherthanwaitingforanemergencytooccurthatcansometimesleaveelderlyparentsatthemercyofuninformedrelatives.Manyproblemscanbeavoidedbyparentsinvestigatingthetypesofretirementoptionsavailable,makingadvanceddecisionsregardinginsuranceandlife-sustainingmedicalcare,andmakingsurethatallnecessarydocumentssuchaspowersofattorneyandwillsarereadilyavailabletothosewhomusttakeresponsibilityintheeventofanemergency.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices.Clickonthebestchoice.(20points)PassageOneThepopulationoftheelderly(60orolder)inChinaisabout128millionoroneineverytenpeople,thelargestintheworld.ItisestimatedthatChinacouldhavesome400millionpeopleover60yearsofageby2050.Chinahaschangeddramaticallyinrecentyears,includingthechangingoffamilystructure.IntraditionalChinesesociety,theelderlyusedtolivewithoneoftheirchildren.Butnowadays,moreandmoreyoungadultsaremovingout,leavingtheirelderlyparentsalone.Manyyoungcouplesnowlivewiththeirparentsnotforfamilytradition,butratherbecausetheycannotaffordtobuyahouseorrentanapartment.Expertssayfamily-basedcareisnowimpracticalbecausemostmiddle-agedchildrenhavelittletimetotakecareoftheirparents.Sooneofthethingstheelderlyhavetofacenowadaysishowtoarrangetheirlateyearswhentheirfamiliescan'ttakecareofthem.Anationwidesurveyfoundthatabout23percentofChina'sseniorsovertheageof65livebythemselves.AnothersurveyconductedinBeijingshowedthatlessthan50percentofelderlywomenlivewiththeirchildren.Sincemoreandmoreelderlyhavetolivealone,homesfortheelderlyarefarfrombeingenoughtomeettheneedsoftheelderly.Attheendof1998,Beijing's289pensionhousescouldaccommodateonly9,924peopleor0.6percentofthepopulationagedabove60.Tomeettheneedsoftheelderly,Beijingwilladoptanewregulationthisyeartoencourageprivateandforeigninvestmentinbuildinghomesfortheelderly,saidChengYong,directorofChinaNationalCommitteeonAgeing(CNCA).ZhangWenfan,presidentoftheCNCA,believesthattheproblemsfacingChina'selderlycanbesolvedthroughcombinedeffortsfromfamily,thelocalcommunity,andsocietyasawhole.China'sgoalistoestablishasupportnetworkforseniorcitizensthatprovidesmedicare,helpsthemavoidlonelinessthroughstudyandentertainmentandencouragesthemtocontinueservingsocietyafterretirementbyusingtheirknowledge.21.ThefamilystructureofChinahaschangeddramaticallyinrecentyearsinthesensethat_______.A.ChinesefamilyhaslesschildrennowB.fewerandfeweryoungadultslivewiththeirelderlyparentsC.therearemoreboysthangirlsinafamilyD.youngadultsgivelittlecaretotheelderlyparents22.Family-basedcareisnowimpracticalbecause_______.A.youngchildrencouldnotaffordtobuyahouseB.governmentprovidesnursinghomesfortheelderlyC.theelderlyhavebecomeaheavyburdenformanypoorfamiliesD.youngchildrenhavelittletimetotakecareoftheelderlynow23.Itcanbeinferredthat_______.A.moreelderlywomenlivewiththeirchildrenthanmenB.BeijinggovernmentwillencouragetheelderlytoretirelaterC.thereisalargeshortageofpensionhousesinBeijingD.theelderlyproblemwillnotbesolveduntil205024.China'selderlyproblemscanbesolvedthroughcombinedeffortsexceptfrom_______.A.theelderly'sknowledgeB.thelocalcommunityC.thesocietyasawholeD.thefamily25.Thispassagetalksmainlyabout_______.A.theseverityofelderlyprobleminChinaB.thechangesinfamilystructureofChinaC.possiblesolutionstotheelderlyprobleminChinaD.academicresearchonChina'selderlyproblemsPassagenetworksoutsidethefamilyTwoAbitofsadnessisacommoncompanionofaging.Overtime,afterall,seniorsmaylosevigor,independence,andevenlovedones.Butwhenmelancholybecomesdepression,theelderlyareatriskofdiabetes(糖尿病),heartdisease,andevensuicide.It'softenuptotheirunofficialcaretakers—theirchildren—tospotdepression'ssignsandtakestepstodealwithit.Depressionoftenmanifestsdifferentlyintheelderlythaninyoungerpeople.Sometimes,depressionarisesbecauseofaphysicalhealthproblem,saysGaryMoak,presidentoftheAmericanAssociationforGeriatricPsychiatry(老年精神病学)andaprofessorattheUniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchool.Forexample,hesays,asmanyas40percentofstrokevictimswilldevelopdepression,becausemany[strokes]occurinanareaofthebrainthat'scloselyrelatedtotheprocessingandmanagementofemotions.Overall,about1in5peopleaged65andolderhasdepression,accordingtoMoak.Thevastmajoritydon'treceivetheprofessionaltreatmenttheyneed.Untreateddepressioncanleadtoneedlesspainanddistress.Foronething,seniorscommit20percentofallsuic