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Unit3HappinessI.DifficultSentences1.Whenmostpeopleexistnearthebreadline,materialprogressdoesindeedmakethemhappier.(1)Whatdoes“existnearthebreadline”meaninthispassage?(=“Existnearthebreadline”means“justhaveenoughmoneytofeedthemselves.”)(2)Paraphrasethesentence.(=Whenamultitudeofpeopleinasocietyonlyhavemoneyenoughtofeedthemselves,theywouldfeelmuchhappieriftheycanearnmoremoney.)2.Butwhenmaterialdiscomforthasbeenbanished,extraincomebecomesmuchlessimportantthanourrelationshipswitheachother:withfamily,withfriendsandinthecommunity.(1)Whatdoes“materialdiscomforthasbeenbanished”mean?(=Thispartmeansthatpeoplehaveenoughmoneytomeeteverydayneeds,theydon’tworryabouttheirdailylifeanymore.)(2)Translatethesentence.(=然而，物质上的匮乏一旦消除，收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里和睦等人际关系那么重要。)3.Thereasonforthisisthatovertimeourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome.(1)Whatdoes“ourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome”mean?)(=Itmeans“withtheincreaseinourincome,ourstandardsandexpectationsalsorise.”)(2)Translatethesentence.(=原因是随着时间的推移，我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。)4.Sincepeoplearealwayscomparingtheirincomeswithwhatothershave,orwithwhattheyareusedto,theyonlyfeelbetteroffiftheymoveuprelativetothenorm.(1)Whatdoes‘thenorm”refertointhissentence?(=Thiswordrefersto“averageincome.”)(2)Paraphrase“moveuprelativetothenorm.”(=Theyearnmorethantheaverageincome.)5.Sincesocietyasawholecannotraiseitspositionrelativetoitself,theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatendcouldbesaidtobeawastethebalancebetweenleisureandworkhasbeenshifted“inefficiently”towardswork.(1)Whatdoes“theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatend”refertointhissentence?)(=Peoplemakeanefforttoraisetheirsocialstatusorpositionbyworkingharderorearningmore.)(2)Whatdoes“inefficiently”refertointhissentence?(=Itmeansuseless,meaningless,that’stosay,it’suselessforpeopletosacrificetheirleisuretimetowork.)(3)Whydoestheauthorthinktheseeffortsaremeaninglessatall?(=Becausetheirincreaseinincomewoulddefinitelybecounterbalancedbyincreaseinaverageincome,sothattheywouldn’tfeelhappierthanbeforebyworkingharderorearningmore.)6.Itisazero-sumgame:privatelifesacrificedinordertoincreasestatusisawastefromthepointofviewofsocietyasawhole.(1)Whatdoes“azero-sumgame”refertointhissentence?(=Linguisticallyitrefersto“asituationinwhichyoureceiveasmuchmoneyoradvantagesasyougiveaway.”Inthissentence,itmeansthatyoupayalottoincreasesocialstatus,forexample,privatelife,leisuretime,evenworsehealth.Butwhatyougainseemsequaltowhatyouhavepaid.)(2)Translatethesentence.(=这是一种得失平衡的游戏：从整个社会看，为了提高地位而牺牲个人的地位，是一种浪费。)7.Inanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,lifewillbecometougherforpeopleinthebottomhalfoftheabilityrangeunlesswedevelopbroadercriteriaforrespect.(1)Whatdoes“peopleinthebottomhalfoftheabilityrange”mean?(=Itrefersto“thosepeoplewhoseabilityisbelowtheaverage”.)(2)Whatkindofabilitydoesthissentencemeaninyouropinion?)(=Itmayrefertoaperson’sabilitytoearnmoney.)(3)Whatdoes“broadercriteriaforrespect”referto?)(=Itmeansthatbesideseconomicstatus,morefactorsareconsideredtodecidewhetheronepersondeservesourrespectornot.)8.Weshouldrespectpeoplewhoco-operatewithothersatnogaintothemselves,andwhoshowskillandeffortatwhateverlevel.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Weshouldrespectpeoplewhoworkwithothersfornorewardandthosewhousetheirskillsandworkhardatjobsofwhateverrank.)9.Itseemslikelythattheextracomfortswenowenjoyhaveincreasedourhappinesssomewhat,butthatdeterioratingrelationshipshavemadeuslesshappy.(1)Whatextracomfortsdoweenjoy?)(=Theextracomfortsmayincludeabetterlivingplace,amoreluxuriouscar,etc.)(2)Whatkindsofrelationshipshavebeendeteriorating?(=Relationshipsinthefamily,atworkandinthecommunity.)(3)Paraphrasethesentence.(=Whileourhigherstandardoflivinghasprobablybeenasourceofsomeextrahappiness,thishasbeenoffsetbytheworseningofourrelationshipsbroughtaboutbythesingle-mindedpursuitofwealth.)10.Weareleftwithnoconceptofthecommongoodorcollectivemeaning.(1)Whatdoesthissentenceindicate?(=Itindicatesthatwearenotawareofandpaylittleattentiontotheconceptofthecommongoodandcollectiveinterests.)(2)Whatdoes“thecommongoodandcollectivemeaning”referto?)(=Itmeanstheadvantageofeveryoneinthesocietyortheadvantageofthewholesociety.)11.Theoldreligiousworldviewisgone;sotooisthepostwarreligionofsocialandnationalsolidarity.(1)Translatethesentence.(=无论是古老的、虔诚的世界观，还是战后社会的团结精神和国家的凝聚意识，皆荡然无存。)(2)Whatdo“theoldreligiousworldview”and“thepostwarreligionofsocialandnationalsolidarity”referto?(=Open-ended.Butthisquestionisworthdiscussingabout.Teacherscanreallyholdadeepdiscussionaboutthis.)II.WordsandExpressions1.unparalleled:adj.havingnoparallelorequal;unmatched*Newagriculturalandindustrialprocesseshaveboostedproductivitytounparalleledheights.(=Withthesoarofenergycosts,thiscountryisconfrontedwithaneconomiccrisisunparalleledinitshistory.)2.depression:n.(1)beingdepressed;lowspirits他一时想不开,自杀了。(=Hecommittedsuicideduringafitofdepression.)*Peterfellintoadeepdepressiononhearingthenews.(2)aperiodwhenthereislittleeconomicactivity,andhighunemployment*LotsofpeopleweredeprivedofallthesepropertyintheGreatDepression.3.priority:n.(1)(a)(stateof)bein