MARC 21 as a Metadata Standard - 美国国会图书馆

Nov.6,2003MAVISMARCXML,MODSandDublinCoreMAVISUsersConference2003RebeccaGuenther([e-mail])LibraryofCongressNov.6,2003MAVISUsers2Overviewofpresentation•WhyMARCinXML•MARCXMLenvironment•MODS•DublinCore•ComparisonsNov.6,2003MAVISUsers3TheMARCformat•Markup:dataelementset•Semantics:meaningofelements(butcontentdefinedbyotherstandards)•Structure=syntaxforcommunication•2709•MARCXML•MARC21:aninternationaldescriptivemetadataformatNov.6,2003MAVISUsers4MARCXMLevolution•NeedtotakeadvantageofXML•EstablishstandardMARC21inanXMLstructure•Needsimpler(butcompatible)alternatives•DevelopmentofMODS•Needinteroperabilitywithdifferentschemas•Assemblecoordinatedsetoftools•Needcontinuitywithcurrentdata•ProvideflexibletransitionoptionsNov.6,2003MAVISUsers5MARCinXML•WhymaketransitiontoXML?•TotakeadvantageofemergingtoolsandsystemsthatfunctionthroughXML•TomakeMARCcompatiblewithnewinitiativesintheXMLenvironmentsuchas•ZING(Z39.50InternationalNextGeneration)•OAI(OpenArchivesInitiativeharvesting)•METS(MetadataEncoding&TransmissionSchema)•DC(usedatafromDublinCoreinMARCenvironment)•ONIX(usedatafromONIXintheMARCenvironment)MARC21evolutiontoXMLMARC21(2709)record(machineview)00967cam2200277a4500001000800000005001700008008004100025020005300229040001800282050002400312082002100336100003000357245007400387260004400461300003500505440001200540500002000552650004200572651002500614347139419990429094819.1931129s1994wauab0010enga93047676a0898863872(acid-free,recycledpaper):c$14.95aDLCcDLCcDLC00aGV1046.G3bG47199400a796.6/4/09432201aSlavinski,Nadine,d1968-10aGermanybybike:b20toursgearedfordiscovery/cNadineSlavinski.aSeattle,Wash.:bMountaineers,cc1994.a238p.:bill.,maps;c22cm.0aBybikeaIncludesindex.0aBicycletouringzGermanyxGuidebooks.Nov.6,2003MAVISUsers8MARC21inXML–MARCXML•MARCXMLrecord•XMLexactequivalentofMARC(2709)record•Lossless/roundtripconversionto/fromMARC21record•SimpleflexibleXMLschema,noneedtochangewhenMARC21changes•PresentationsusingXMLstylesheets•LCprovidesconverters(opensource)•StandardizationallowsforcommunicationandstandardtransformationsMARC21(2709)toMARCXMLrecordxmlns=(acid-free,recycledpaper):/subfieldsubfieldcode=c$14.95/subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=040ind1=ind2=subfieldcode=aDLC/subfieldsubfieldcode=cDLC/subfieldsubfieldcode=dDLC/subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=050ind1=0ind2=0subfieldcode=aGV1046.G3/subfieldsubfieldcode=bG471994/subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=082ind1=0ind2=0subfieldcode=a796.6/4/0943/subfieldsubfieldcode=220/subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=100ind1=1ind2=subfieldcode=aSlavinski,Nadine,/subfieldsubfieldcode=d1968-/subfield/datafieldMARCXMLrecord(continued)datafieldtag=245ind1=1ind2=0subfieldcode=aGermanybybike:/subfieldsubfieldcode=b20toursgearedfordiscovery//subfieldsubfieldcode=cNadineSlavinski./subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=260ind1=ind2=subfieldcode=aSeattle,Wash.:/subfieldsubfieldcode=bMountaineers,/subfieldsubfieldcode=cc1994./subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=300ind1=ind2=subfieldcode=a238p.:/subfieldsubfieldcode=bill.,maps;/subfieldsubfieldcode=c22cm./subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=440ind1=ind2=0subfieldcode=aBybike/subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=500ind1=ind2=subfieldcode=aIncludesindex./subfield/datafielddatafieldtag=650ind1=ind2=0subfieldcode=aBicycletouring/subfieldsubfieldcode=zGermany/subfieldsubfieldcode=xGuidebooks./subfield/datafield/recordNov.6,2003MAVISUsers11MARCXML–othertools•TaggingtransformationswithXSLTstylesheets•Nameinsteadofnumbertags?•DifferentlanguagetagsforMODS?•Allowsflexibilityfordisplay•Charactersettransformations•MARCXMLtoFRBRtool(forexperimentation)•MARCrecordvalidationtoolNov.6,2003MAVISUsers12WhatisMODS?•MetadataObjectDescriptionSchema•Bibliographicelementset•InitiativeofNetworkDevelopmentandMARCStandardsOfficeatLC•UsesXMLSchema•Specificallyforlibraryapplications,althoughcouldbeusedmorewidely•Aderivative(andsubset)ofMARCelementsNov.6,2003MAVISUsers13WhyMODS?•XML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)isthemarkupfortheWeb•InvestigatingXMLasanewmoreflexiblesyntaxforMARCelementset•NeedforrichdescriptivemetadatainXMLbutsimplerthanfullMARC,especiallyforcomplexdigitallibraryobjectsNov.6,2003MAVISUsers14PotentialUsesofMODS•Needforarich(butnottoorich)XMLmetadataformatforemerginginitiatives•asaZ39.50NextGenerationspecifiedformat•asanextensionschematoMETS(MetadataEncodingandTransmissionStandard)•torepresentmetadataforharvesting(OAI)•AsaninteroperablecoreforconvergencebetweenMARCandnon-MARCXMLdescriptions•FororiginalresourcedescriptioninXMLsyntax•ForpackagingmetadatawitharesourceNov.6,2003MAVISUsers15AdvantagesofMODS•ElementsetisricherthanDublinCore•Hierarchyallows