高温热浪对人类健康影响的研究进展-王敏珍

20127297JEnvironHealth,July2012,Vol．29,No．7【】colipopulationsinprimaryandsecondaryhabitats〔J〕.Microbiology20021481513-1522.［29］WigginsBACashPWCreamerWSetal.Useofantibioticresistanceanalysisforrepresentativenesstestingofmulti-watershedlibraries〔J〕．AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology2003693399-3405.［30］OlivasYFaulknerBR.Fecalsourcetrackingbyantibioticresistanceanalysisonawatershedexhibitinglowresistance〔J〕.EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment200813915-25.［31］AndersonMAWhitlockJEHarwoodVJ.DiversityanddistributionofEscherichiacoligenotypesandantibioticresistancephenotypesinfecesofhumanscattleandhorses〔J〕.AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology2006726914-6922.［32］EbdonJETaylorHD．GeographicalstabilityofenterococcalantibioticresistanceprofilesinEuropeanditsimplicationsfortheidentificationoffecalsources〔J〕.EnvironMentalScience＆Technology2006405327-5332.［33］ParveenSHodgeNCStallREetal.PhenotypicandgenotypiccharacterizationofhumanandnonhumanEscherichiacoli〔J〕.WaterResearch200135379-386.［34］DonaldMSValerieJH.Performancedesignandanalysisinmicrobialsourcetrackingstudies〔J〕.EnvironmentalMicrobiology2007732405-2415.［35］StoeckelDM，HarwoodVJ.Performancedesignandanalysisinmicrobialsourcetrackingstudies〔J〕.AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology2007732405-2415.2012-04-102012-05-10410751032011060341984-。,E-mail:[e-mail]，，，730000。、、、、。R181.3A1001-5914（2012）07-0662-03ResearchProgressofInfluenceofHighTemperatureandHeatWaveonHumanHealthWANGMin-zhen,ZHENGShan,WANGShi-gong,etal.CollegeofAtmosphericSciences,CenterforMeteorologicalEnvironmentandHumanHealth,Lanzhou,Gansu730000，ChinaCorrespondingauther:WAGNShi-gong,E-mail:[e-mail]becomeanextremeweatherdisastereventfrequentlyhappenedinsummerallovertheworldduetoglobalclimatewarmingandurbanheatislandeffect，andithasanotableimpactonhumanhealth,somoreandmoreorganizationsandinstitutionsareconcernedforit.Inthispaper,theepidemiologicaldistributioncharacteristicsoftheheatwaveeffectonhumanhealthandtheadverseeffectofheatwaveonthesystemofcardiovascularandrespiratoryandsomeinfectiousdiseasewereintroducedandsomesuggestionstodecreasetheimpactoftheheatwavewerealsolisted.Keywords：Heatwave;Cardiovascularsystem;Respiratorysystem≥35℃≥38℃≥40℃3d35℃[1,2]。2021[34]。、。。。1。＞50[5-8]。、、43[9]。。662··20127297JEnvironHealth,July2012,Vol．29,No．7、[10]。20032006[8]。。[11]2005—200737—8、47.10%52.90%[12]。。[12,13]。[13,14]。2。[15,16][6]。。[17]。[18,19]。[8]。[20]。[21,22][23]。、PM10。200321%～38%PM10[24]。。3、、。、、、、[25,26]。[27]。102.0%3.7%[25]。1℃4.5%753.1%[28]。、[29-31]。200330%[32]。[33]。。4。1℃1.03[34]。JU15～25℃[35]。2003、25000～70000[36]2014802。200313084132045[37]。。。。37℃40.6℃[38]。。20039d14800[39]。。。5。、。1℃3.1%～4.7%[40]。33.5～3.8[41]。。6。、。。663··20127297JEnvironHealth,July2012,Vol．29,No．7。。［1］,,.〔J〕.,2008,12(4):372-375.［2］,,.〔J〕.,2005,28(6):840-847.［3］BasuR,SametJM.Relationbetweenelevatedambienttemperatureandmortality:areviewoftheepidemiologicevidence〔J〕.EpidemiolRev,2002:190-202.［4］HuqS,KovatsRS,ReidH,etal.Reducingrisktocitiesfromdisastersandclimatechange〔J〕.EnvironUrban,2007,19:3-15.［5］GarssenJ,HarmsenC,deBeerJ.Theeffectofthesummer2003heatwaveonmortalityintheNetherlands〔J〕.EuroSurveill,2005,10:165-168.［6］,,.〔J〕.,2008,17(1):151-156.［7］NakaiS,ItohT,MorimotoT.Deathsfromheat-strokeinJapan:1968-1994〔J〕.IntJBiometeorol,1999,43:124-127.［8］KovatsRS,HajatS.Heatstressandpublichealth:acriticalreview〔J〕.AnnuRevPublicHealth,2008:41-55.［9］,,,.〔J〕.,1998,15(4):169-171.10,.〔J〕.,2004,9(4):680-686.11,,,.〔J〕.,2009,12(6A):946-951.12RLB.Sexdifferencesinhumanthermoregulatoryresponsetoheatandcoldstress〔J〕.HumFactors,1979,21:687-699.13SemenzaJC,RubinCH,FalterKH,etal.Heat-relateddeathsduringtheJuly1995heatwaveinChicago〔J〕.NEnglJMed,1996:84-90.14SmoyerTomicKE.HeatWave:asocialautopsyofdisasterinChicago〔J〕.NEnglJMed,2003:1573-1574.15KunstAE,LoomanCWN,MackenbachJP.OutdoorairtemperatureandmortalityintheNetherlands:atime-seriesanalysis〔J〕.AmericanJournalofEpidemiology,1993,137:331-341.16AlberdiJC,DíazJ,MonteroJC,etal.DailymortalityinMadridcommunity1986-1992:relationshipwithmeteorologicalvariables〔J〕.EuropeanJournalofEpidemiology,1998,14:571-578.17OkeTR.Citysizeandtheurbanheatisland〔J〕.AtmosEnviron,1973,7:769-779.18Kunkel,KennethE,Changnon,StanleyA,etal.TheJuly1995heatwaveinthemidwest:aclimaticperspectiveandcriticalweatherfactors〔R〕.Boston,MA,ETATS-UNIS:AmericanMeteorologicalSociety,1996.19WatkinsRPJ,KolkotroniM,LittlefairP.TheLondonHeatIsland—surfaceandairtemperaturemeasurementsinaparkandstreetgorges〔J〕.ASHRAETrans,2002,101:419-427.20HarlanSL,BrazelAJ,PrashadL,etal.Neighborhoodmicroclimatesandvulnerabilitytoheatstress〔J〕.SocSciMed,2006,63:2847-2863.21PiverWT,AndoM,YeF,etal.TemperatureandairpollutionasriskfactorsforheatstrokeinTokyo,JulyandAugust1980-1995〔J〕.EnvironHealthPerspect,1999,107:911-916.22JohnsonH,KovatsRS,McGregorG,etal.Theimpactofthe2003heatwaveondailymortalityinEnglandandWalesandtheuseofrapidweeklymortalityestimates〔J〕.EuroSurveill,2005,10:168-171.23KanH.ClimatechangeandhumanhealthinChina〔J〕.EnvironHealthPerspect,2011,119:A60-61.24Stedma