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1考研英语新题型答题技巧一、选考题型之一选择搭配题解题思路说明1、解题思路的理论基础――＂面＂上的相近性和衔接性是由＂点＂上的相近性和衔接性构成的２、解题方法体系:三位一体――由点入面、以点穿面、点面结合、这个方法体系主要由以下的９个具体方法构成：（１）复现结构定位法（２）时间、地点、数字等线索衔接关系定位法（３）举例定位法（４）代词指代关系定位法（５）排比结构衔接法（６）无关词排除法（７）位置确认法（８）上下文逻辑关系定位法（９）总分、分总结构法上述９个方法都是旨在训练考生在面对庞大的信息版块时能够迅速在其中定位关键信息点，通过这些信息点之间的关系判定出各个版块之间的关系的能力．关键提示：上述方法是一个方法体系，而且经常是＂你这有我，我中有你＂，在做题时一定要综合运用、组合使用才能显示出效果，只依赖某种单一的方法往往会造成一定的错漏．此套方法体系对于３种备选题型均有效，只是对不同的体型2有不同的侧重点和应用方式．(二)设题特点1.设题位置该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词，其中有5段空白处-空白处的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。2.选项设置特点非等额选项(题目5道，6-7个选项)3.测试重点一、７选５的测试点分析（１）该题型主要是测试考生的两大能力：把握整篇文章布局和结构的能力；把握微观信息之间关联性的能力（２）最终评判原则考生将文章恢复完整后，文章一定要同时具有：连贯性：从测试宏观能力的角度，考生恢复后的文章上下文可以连贯衔接．一致性：从测试微观能力的角度，考生选择的选项中的信息必须和该段落的原文已知信息具有最大的相近性，从而可以组成内在一致的同一个段落或意群．大纲样题一Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)3LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow．41)_______________________.Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.42)_________________________.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownoting.43)_____________________________.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44)_________________________________.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45)_______________________________.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils,Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacid4(三)文章的结构①描述性结构主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述、因此时间、地点往往是出题重点。②释义性结构解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述。③比较性结构把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比。④原因性结构这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的成因。⑤驳斥性结构这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点，危害性，最后阐明自己的观点。以上文章结构的知识其实反映了选择搭配题题型的出题原则。(四)选择搭配题解题步骤①阅读文章题目附近的句子，思考空白处可能要讲述的内容。②阅读每个选择项，寻找线索词(即确定答案的线索词)线索词：代词、专用名词、连接词、数字、复数名词等。③回到原文，明确1-5位置。(1)开头常是主题句，不行再看前和尾，5(2)中间不忘主题句，前瞻后顾找启示，(3)末尾常是下结论，也可排比和举例，（4）代入全文再通读，检查答案可合理。*****总体观、相互补，做题不用按顺序，选做易后做难，莫忘近邻上下文。(五)选择搭配题的解题技巧①就近原则寻找信息线索。②时间线索：选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。③代词线索：选项中出现代词时，往往该选项往往不能放在首句，往往要注意指代成立的条件。it可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代前面的复数名词；one指代前面的单数可数名词；that指代前面的不可数名词或句子；this指代前面的单数名词或句子。④绝对常是干扰项，意思太泛太窄要小心。⑤警惕无关离题词，两项相近有答案。⑥选项对比原文时，与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是选项。6放在段首的句子(段首题)的特点。①有定义或释义关系的句子往往是文章或段落主题句，所以放段首或段尾②下定义的方式有：a：判断句：AisBb：名词(被定义对象)+定语从句(定义内容)c：名词+同位语d：名词+becalled+名词e：by+名词(被定义对象)+bemeant+名词(定义内容)③下定义时所伴随的过度词：namely,inotherwords,thatistosay,orrather(1)当选项或某段段首会含有between…and,either…or,notonly…butalso;(2