扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(16)及答案解析

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（16）及答案解析(2011·成都三诊，D)Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly，settingourbrainsonauto­pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingcreatures，”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever­changing21stcentury，eventheword“habit”carriesanegativemeaning.Soitseemscontradictorytotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextasinnovation(创新)．Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits，wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew，innovativetracks.Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.Infact，themorenewthingswetry,themorecreativewebecome.Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits；oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain，they'retheretostay.Instead，thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisattractiontowonder，”saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide’，justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider’.”Sheadds,however，that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”“Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware，”shesays.Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththeabilitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,collaboratively(合作地)andinnovatively.Attheendofadolescence，however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatability,preservingonlythosewaysofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofususeourinnovativeandcollaborativewaysofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006bookThisYearIWill...andMs.Markova'sbusinesspartner.“That'saliethatwehavepreserved，anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.本文论述了创新思维与有意识培养新习惯之间的关系。17．Brainresearchershavediscoveredthat________.A.theformingofnewhabitscanbeguidedB.thedevelopmentofhabitscanbepredictedC.theregulationofoldhabitscanbetransformedD.thetrackofnewhabitscanbecreatedunconsciously答案：A。事实细节题。由第三段首句“Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.”可知A项正确。18．Theunderlinedword“ruts”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A.zonesB.connectionsC.situationsD.tracks答案：D。词义猜测题。由画线词所在的第四段中的信息词pathway(路，径)和road(路，道路)可推测出D项正确。track路，路径，轨迹。19．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostprobablyagreeswithDawnaMarkova'sview?A.Decisionmakesnosenseinchoices.B.Curiositymakescreativemindsactive.C.Creativeideasarebornofarelaxingmind.D.Formationofinnovationcomesfromfantasticideas.答案：B。推理判断题。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisattractiontowonder(创新的第一要素是好奇)”可推断出B项正确。20．Thepurposeoftheauthorwritingthisarticleistopersuadeus________.A.togiveupourtraditionalhabitsdeliberatelyB.tocreateanddevelopnewhabitsconsciouslyC.toresisttheapplicationofstandardizedtestingD.tobelievethatoldhabitsconflictwithnewhabits答案：B。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，作者认为创新和新习惯的养成在很多方面是相通的，从而试图说服我们去有意识地创新和培养新习惯。C8[2012·广东卷]BIhavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby'spointofview.Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour­hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock­watchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.Well,atlastwehavecopper­bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本)of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.31.AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels________.A．sickB．upsetC．sleepyD．hungry32.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing?A．Heisstrict.B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea.D．Hesetsatim