压缩式后装型垃圾车设计

后装压缩式垃圾车总体设计摘要为解决城市垃圾运输，减少运输过程中的二次污染问题，提高运输效率、降低工人劳动强度，本课题研究设计了全密封压缩式环保垃圾车。本课题首先介绍了后装压缩式垃圾车总体设计的5个原则，然后对这6个原则依次进行了详细的论证分析，在此基础上与传统的垃圾车机构进行比较，确定了设计方案。①在设计计算部分，根据设计要求确定了垃圾车的结构参数，并根据结构参数对垃圾车的发动机进行了选型。②根据装载要求，对后装压缩式垃圾车的整体结构参数进行了设计计算，其中包括料斗容积和污水箱容积的计算；③汽车底盘主要是二类底盘的选用及其改造，根据载荷分布对各轴的负荷进行了细化分配，同时对整车的性能参数也依据标准进行了选用，主要确定了最高车速、燃料经济性参数、机动性参数和通过性参数等；④以及对轴距、前后轮距、外廓尺寸等整车尺寸参数的确定；⑤为确保整车性能对车架进行了受力分析和强度校核、液压系统油缸的受力分析与强度校核。AbstractInordertosolvetheproblemsoftowngarbagetransportation,twocontaminationinthetransportation,thusimprovethetransportationefficiency,andreducetheworkerlaborintensity,thispaperhasdesignedtheentiresealcompressiontypegarbagetruck.Thistopicfirstintroducethe5principlesintheoveralldesignofbackwardloadingcompressiongarbagetruck,andthengavedetailedproofanalysistothe5principles.Theauthorcomparesthenewdesignwiththetraditionalone.Indesignandthecalculationpart,thestructureparameterofthegarbagetruck,andtheengineofthedumpcartarechosenaccordingwiththerequirements.Accordingtotheloadingrequest,thedesignofthebackwardloadingcompressiontypegarbagetruckarecalculated,includingthehoppervolumeandthedirtwatertankvolumecomputation.Themotorcarchassisismainlyonthechassisselectionsandthereformation,andtheaxesloaddistribution.Inthesametime,theentirevehicleperformanceparameterbasedonthestandardhasbeenselected,accordingtothemaximumspeed,thefueleconomyparameter,themobileparameterandpassedtheparameterandsoon;andtoconfirmtheparametersofaxesdistance,thedistanceofthefrontandbackwheels,andthesizeofoutsideprofile.Inordertoguaranteethecompletedcarperformance,havedonethestressandstrengthchecking,thestressanalysisandstrengthcheckingofliquidpressuresystem.关键词：后装；压缩；垃圾车；环保；垃圾运输Keywords:Backloading；compression；garbagetruck；environmentalprotection；refusetransportation后装压缩式垃圾车总体设计1目录1前言................................................................................32总体方案论证........................................................................42.1提高载质量利用系数...............................................................42.1.1底盘的载质量利用系数..........................................................42.1.2专用装置的自重...............................................................42.2细化轴荷分布计算.................................................................42.3合理选择卸料方式.................................................................42.3.1车厢后倾式卸料方式...........................................................42.3.2推板卸料方式.................................................................42.4提高垃圾压缩比...................................................................52.5合理选择压缩机构液压控制方式......................................................52.5.1滑动刮板式压缩机构工作步骤....................................................52.5.2压缩机构液压控制方式..........................................................62.6完善车辆密封.....................................................................82.7结构方案的确定...................................................................82.7.1传统自卸式垃圾车的结构分析....................................................82.7.2本垃圾车的结构特点...........................................................83垃圾车总体设计与计算................................................................93.1垃圾车质量参数的确定.............................................................93.1.1装载量.......................................................................93.1.2整备质量.....................................................................93.1.3汽车的总质量................................................................103.2垃圾车发动机的选型..............................................................103.2.1发动机最大功率及其相应转速...................................................103.2.2发动机最大转矩及其相应转速...................................................103.2.3发动机适应性系数Ф..........................................................113.3料斗容积与污水箱容积............................................................113.4底盘的改造......................................................................113.4.1整备质量和轴荷分配..........................................................123.4.2性能参数....................................................................123.4.3尺寸参数....................................................................133.5车架的计算......................................................................143.6液压系统设计....................................................................163.6.1滑板、刮板油缸受力分析.......................................................17后装压缩式垃圾车总体设计23.6.2举升油缸受力分析............................................................193.6.3液压缸的结构设计.............................................................203.6.4液压缸内径D和活塞杆直径D的确定..............................................213.6.5液压缸壁厚、外径及工作行程的计算..............................................223.6.6液压缸缸底和缸盖的计算.......................................................233.6.7液压缸进出油口尺寸的确定.....................................................233.6.8液压油缸受力分析与校核.......................................................243.6.9液压缸的主要零件的材料和技术要求.............................................243.6.10泵的计算与选择........................................