常用翻译技巧

1)Diction（选词用字）2)Amplification（增词法）3)Omission（省略法）4)Conversion（转换法）5)Repetition（重复法）6)Inversion(语序调整)7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译）8)Division(长句拆译)&Subordination（分清主从）例1.Neatpeoplebuyeverythinginexpensivelittlesingleportions.意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。√例2．Theywantquality,butatabudgetprice.意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√peopleatbudget:精打细算过日子的人例3．OnTaiwantherewaslittlegraceandlessgivebetweenthetwosides.在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈不上让步了。例4.WhicheverwayyouchoosetovisitZhengzhou,youwillreachherequicklyandenjoyacomfortablestay,becauseZhengzhouhasawiderangeofaccommodationtosuitallbudgetsandtastes…试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。例4．NewHSRandMaglevwouldhaveall-new,state-of-the-arttraincontrolsystem.TheAccelerailoptionswereestimatewithtraincontrolsystemsprovidingspeedandauthorityenforcement.译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和（威力）强大的加速力。例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。Theconstructionoftheteachingbuildingofavillageschool,whichwasstartedsevenyearsago,hasendedupa“never-to-be-finishedproject”.例7．有市场、有效益的速度，才是真正的发展，才是硬道理。Soundeconomicgrowthmustbebasedonstrongmarketdemandandgoodeconomicreturns.Thisisafundamentalprinciple.例8．“一要吃饭，二要建设”是指导我国经济工作的基本原则。Abasicprincipleguidingoureconomicworkis“subsistencefirstanddevelopmentsecond”.例1.Sayinggood-byetoachildgoingtocollegeforthefirsttimeisrough,…Howdoesapersoncutoff18yearsofcloseness?孩子考上大学第一次与他送别，这滋味真教人难受。……十八年的骨肉相依，晨夕相处，而今一朝别离，又怎会舍得呢？(语义性增译)例2.Chineselifeisfilledwithlistsofbests:Themao-taiatabanquetisoneoftheChina’seightgreatliquors;theviewoftheWestLakeinHangzhouisoneofthenineidealvantagepoints,andevensomecompanieswilldeclaimthattheyareamongthe500nationaloutstandingenterprises.中国人的生活中充满了一系列“名牌”、“上品”之类的东西：筵席上的茅台属中国八大名酒之一，杭州西湖属中国九大名胜之一,就连一些公司也要自称是全国500强企业之一。（语义性增译）例3．Veniceinvitesidlenessandstrolling.Itssilenceisrestfulanditssundialsareinscribedwiththewords:Horasnonmumeronisiserenas(Icountonlythehappyhours).威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭信步的好去处，她宁静从容，闲适悠然，连城中的日晷(读“轨”)上都刻着这样的铭文：“只计幸福时光”。(修辞性增译)例4．Wehaverecognizedthatfreetradeisnotazero-sumgame.“zero-sum”：术语，一种“零和值”或“此方得利彼方遭损”:译文:我们认识到，自由贸易并非一种损人利己的“零和值”游戏。（语义性增译）例5．(?)信笔写来，(?)竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆，这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅力。Whilewritingatwill,IfindallI’vedoneisjustsomethingofmyownrecollection,whichshowshowcharmingthiscollectionofessaysis!(结构增译)例6．Dripstones,stalactites,areindifferentshapes-----columns,pillarsandtranslucentcurtains,conjureupunforgettableimages.各种钟乳石形态各异——有的玉柱浑圆；有的栋梁擎天；有的瀑布飞帘，晶莹剔透——大自然鬼斧神工，妙景天成，令人难忘。(修辞性增译/重复)例7．钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因而得名“钟书”。WhenMr.Qianwasonlyone-yearold,thebabywastoldbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongmanyothers,hepickedupabookofallthings.Thereuponhewasgivenbyhisparentsthename:zhongshu(book-lover).（文内阐释例8．由于这个年龄阶段的孩子大多是在“421家庭”中长大的，自理能力较差。Sincemostofthestudentsatthisagehavegrownupinfamiliescontainingfourgrandparentsandtwoparentsaswellasthemselves,theyareincapableoftakingcareofthemselvesindailylife.（文内阐释）例1．我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。Iwenttheretohavealook.AllIremembernowisthattheguardsattheentrancewereSwisssoldiersinyellowuniform.(语义性省译)例2．Shedeniedit,deniedeverything,boneandstone.她矢口否认，死不认帐。(语义)例3．Thecrowdwaspushinghard.Thoseinthemiddleweresqueezedagainsteachothersotightlythattheycouldnotmoveinanydirection.人群越挤越厉害，夹在中间的人被挤得动弹不得。(语义)例4．Thesestatementsmayseemsocommonplacethattheymaybeheldtobehardlyworthmaking.这些说法都是些不值一提的老生常谈。(语义省译)例5．她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。Ittearsandboilsalongturbulentlythroughthemountainsand,atsomeplace,flowsonquietlywithasedateappearanceandglisteningripples.(修辞性省译)例6．……在各方面形成一套更加成熟更加定型的制度。…tobuildupanall-roundeconomicsystemwithacompletesetofmatureandfixedpractices.例7．我们要积极推进经济体制改革和经济增长根本改变，努力实现“十五”计划。WemustpromotethefundamentalshiftofeconomicsystemandofthemodeofeconomicgrowthtofulfilltheTenthFive-YearPlan.例8．多年以来江苏、浙江、江西部分市县存在的违规生产经营一次性医疗器械现象，已经得到比较彻底的根除。TheillegalproductionofdisposablemedicalinstrumentsinsomecitiesandcountiesofJiangsu,ZhejiangandwestJiangxihavebeeneliminated例1．Wehavewinkedattheseirregularitiestoolong.对这种混乱无序的现象我们已纵容太久。例2．What,undertheseuncertainties,wastobedone?在这种扑朔迷离的情况下，该怎么办呢？例3．在世界经济增长明显减速的情况下，我们实现了经济较快增长。Despiteanoticeableslowdownintheworldeconomy,China'seconomygrewfairlyrapidly.例4．根据一般加工工业生产能力普遍过剩的现实状况，把国债投资重点放在基础设施建设方面。Inviewoftheover-productivityinthegeneralprocessingindustries,investmentsfromnationalbondsweremainlyputintoinfrastructuredevelopment例5．农业、农村和农民问题是关系改革开放和现代化建设全局的重大问题Agriculture,ruralareasandfarmersareofgreatimportancetothereform,openingupandmodernizationdrive.例1.Beggarscan’tbechoosers.叫花子不可挑三拣四。(n-v)例2.Aftertwoyearswithabadwomanagoodmanbecomesabadman.两年结坏女，好男也变坏(p-v)例3.她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到深夜。Shetalkedwithmeforeighthoursthroughdinnerandwellintothemiddlenight.(v--prep)例3.她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到深夜。Shetalkedwithmeforeighthoursthroughdinnerandwellintothemiddlenight.(v--prep)例4．Withtheunemploymenthigh,thedollarlowandthestockmarketindistress,theeconomywillbethepresident’ssternesttrial.由于失业率增高，美元贬值，股市下跌，经济问题将是总统面临的最严峻考验。（prep&adj.----v）例5．Passingthroughtheg