-1-专题二十完形填空之议论文和说明文类1.【2015·广东】完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis___1___tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive——ifheorsheis___2___healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce___3___.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand___4___die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga___5___lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe___6___linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental___7___untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople___8___childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood___9___.Nowthatthechancesofdying___10___aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The___11___inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee___12___,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin___13___ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe___14___ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto___15___activeanddevoted.1.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely-2-3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately5.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier6.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing7.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure8.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value9.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases10.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet11.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases12.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices13.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement14.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission15.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay-3-已经不适合现在的形势了。dividingline分界线,故选D。7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:毕竟,很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress压力,压迫;damage损坏;decline衰落,衰弱;failure失败。根据句意可知,现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的,故选C。8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive幸存;enjoy喜欢,欣赏;remember记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容和thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A。9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意:在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前,很多孩子死于常见的-4-儿童疾病。problems问题;fears恐惧,害怕;worries担心;diseases疾病。根据句意可知,以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死,所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:既然年少夭折的可能性更低了,那么活得更长的机会就更高了,因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor穷的;young年轻的;sick病的;quiet安静的。根据这一段的意思可知,以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了,dyingyoung就是年少死去。故选B。11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes改变;recovery恢复;safety安全;increases增长,增加。根据下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill…可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A。12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意:一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dreams梦想;chances机会;strengths力量;choices选择。根据句意可知,这句话中的while表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B。13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:现在,很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然积极,心态也很年轻。mind心态;appearance外表;voice声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A。14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:随着我们的社会老龄化,我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection保护;suggestions建议;contributions贡献;permission允许。根据文意可知,现在的社会逐渐老龄化,因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献,故选C。15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意:前面还有很长的寿命,他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound听起来;appear好像;出现;turn转,变成;stay保持。根据文意可知,现在人们的寿命更长了,因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态,为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。【考点定位】社会现象类短文。【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文,讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题,主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析,同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上,对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析,同时还需要注意上下文的暗示,选出最符合文意的一项。2.【2015·重庆】B-5-Imaginethefirstdaysinanewtimezone.Slowtorespondtothe28,yourbodyclockisconfused.You’resleepyallday,butwhenit’stimeforbed,youcanhardlyfallasleep.Obviouslyyouare29jetlag(时差反应).Travelershavetraditionallyfoughtthis30withsleepingpillsoralcohol.Thereareactuallyhealthierwaysthatcanworkjustas31.Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,start32yourbiologicalblocktothedestination’stime.Ifit’sdaytimeinyourdestination,trytostay33.Walkingaroundthecabin(客舱)canbeofhelp.Whenit’snighttime,trytosleep.Inthatcase,eatbeforetheflight,34anemptystomachwillpreventyoufromsleeping.Thesetipswillhelpyoustartanew35ofsleepandwakefulness.28.A.flightB.changeC.demandD.climate29.A.sufferingfromB.workingonC.lookingintoD.leadingto30.A.dangerB.problemC.wasteD.fear31.A.brieflyB.slowlyC.suddenlyD.effectively32.A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.stopping33.A.awakeB.aloneC.hungryD.calm34.A.thoughB.soC.wholeD.or35.A.understandingB.cycleC.researchD.trend【解析】试题分析:本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。28.B考查名词辨析。Aflight航班;Bchange变化;Cdemand要求;Dclimate气候;句意:慢慢地对于变化做出反应,你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应,故选B项。29.A考查动词短语辨析sufferfrom遭受战争破坏的workon从事于;lookinto调查;leadto导致;根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应,故选A项。30.B考查名词辨析。Adange危险性Bproblem问题在于Cwaste浪费者Dfear恐惧;句意:游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题,故选B项。31.D考查副词辨析。Abriefly简洁地址Bslowly慢慢地址Csuddenly突然地址Deffectively有效地;句意:这有几种健康的方法,并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。32.C考查动词辨析。Achecking检查员Bsending送到Cadjusting调整结构D-6-stopping停止播送句意:比如,在上飞机前,开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjustto把。。调整到,,故选C项。33.A考查形容词辨析。AawakeBaloneChungryDca