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常见口笔译符号--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S=sumf=frequencyLeaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf=comparee.g.=exampledept=departmentUseonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol=politicsdem=democracylib=liberalcap=capitalismUseentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres=presentationsubj=subjectind=individualcons=conservativeEliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc=associatebiol=biologyinfo=informationach=achievementchem=chemistrymax=maximumintro=introductionconc=concentrationmin=minimumrep=repetitionOmitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd=preparedprblm=problemestmt=estimatebkgd=backgroundgvt=governmentUseanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't=amountcont'd=continuedgov't=governmenteducat'l=educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts=chaptersegs=examplesfs=frequenciesintros=introductionsUsegtorepresentingendings.ckg=checkingestg=establishingdecrg=decreasingexptg=experimentingSpelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.Leaveoutunimportantwords.Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.&=andw/=withw/o=withoutvs=against\=therefore==isorequalUsetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb=German,forexampleibid=Latin,thesameworko=degreesH2O=waterMorereference:Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:+plus//parallelUsestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:egexampleITdeptInformationTechnologydepartmentUKUnitedKingdomUseonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:marmarketingcuscustomercliclientUsetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:subjsubjectbudgbudgetindindividualTodistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:tech'gytechnologygen'iongeneralisationdel'ydeliveryUsejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:assocassociatedachachievementinfoinformationOmitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:bkgdbackgroundmvmtmovementprblmproblemFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:custscustomersfsfrequencies/sratiosUse'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:decrgdecreasingckgcheckingestblgestablishingSpellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:inbutaskeyLeaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:iswaswereLeaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:aantheIfaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACBUsesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:@at2to4for&andw/withw/owithoutvsagainstCreateyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.OtherSymbolsandAbbreviationsasaresultof/consequencesof---resultingin---and/also+equalto/sameas=followingffmostimportantly*lessthangreaterthanespeciallyesp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT:marketMGR:managerMSG:messageSTD:standardRCV:receiveF保留前几个字母INFOinformationINSinsuranceEXCHexchangeIoweyouIOUInsteadofI/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WKweekRMroomPLpeopleF根据发音RareTHOthoughTHRUthrough高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APTApartmentACCAccountantACDGAccordingACPTAcceptADAdvertisementADSAddressADVAdviceAMAPAsmuch/manyaspossibleAMTAmountAPVApproveASAPAssoonaspossibleBALBalanceBLDGBuildingCERTCertificateCFMConformCNCLCancelCNFConferenceCMICommissionCMPCompleteCMPECompete/competitiveCMUCommunicationCONCConcern/concerning/concernedCONDConditionCO.CompanyDEPTDepartmentDISCDiscountDPTDepartureEXCHExchangeEXPLNExplainEXTExtentFLTFlightFNTFinalFRTFreightFYRForyourreferenceGDGoodGUARGuaranteeH.O.HomeofficeINFOInformationIMPSImpossibleIMP(T)ImportantINCDIncludeINDIVIndividualINSInsuranceINTSTInterestedI/OInsteadofIOUIoweyouIVOInviewofMANUFManufactureMDLModelMEMOMemorandumMGRMangerMINMinimumMKTMarketMSGMessageNCRYNecessaryNLTNolaterthanOBSObserveOBTObtainORDOrdinaryPATPatentPCPiecePKGPackingPLPeoplePLSPleasePOSNPositionPOSS(BL)PossiblePRODProductQLTYQualityQUTYQuantityRCVReceiveREFReferenceREGLRegularREPRepresentativeRESNReservationRPTRepeatRESPONResponsibleSECSectionSITNSituationSTDStandardTELTelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGMTelegraphTHOThoughTKSThanksTRDTradeTRFTrafficTTLTotalUYouURYourWKWeekWLWillWTWeightXLExtralarge二、字母、图像Z表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常