寄生虫汇总表格6页

1SpeciesinfectivestageinfectiverouteSiteofinhabitationIntermediatehostReservoirhostHarmstomanDiagnosticmethodDrugofchoiceAscarisLumbricoidesEmbryonateeggsBymouthUpperpartofsmallintestinenonoLoeffler’ssyndromeBiliaryascariasisDirectfecalfilmBrine-floatationmethodAlbendazole400mg/d1-2dMebendazole100mg/d3-4dPiperazineIvermectinTrichuristrichiura(whipworm)EmbryonateeggsBymouthileocecumnonoMiddleinfectionHeavyinfectionBrine-floatationmethodDirectfecalfilmAlbendazole400mg/d1-2dMebendazole100mg/d3-4d(prolongedfor5days)EnterobiusvermicularisEmbryonateeggsBymouthorretro-infectionileocecumnonoChildrenEctopicinjureCellophanetapemethodAlbendazoleMebendazole(repeatedtreatment)HookwormsLarva3orfilariformlarvaByskinUpperpartofsmallintestinenonoDermatitispneumonitisMicrocytichypochromaticanemiaAllotriophagyHemoglobinlower12m,11FSaturatedbrinefloatationAlbendazoleMebendazoleAvoidskincontactFilariaefilariformlarva(L3)ByskinLymphatictissuesmosquitoesnoFilarialfever,retro-lymphangitis,lymphadenitisElephantiasisChyluriaHydroceleThickbloodsmearMilliporemembranefiltrationDiethylcarbamazine(DEC,Hetrazan)DECtablesalt,IvermectinTrichinellaspiralisJuvenileinthecystEatingrawmeatAdultsinsmallintestine,juvenileinskeletalmusclemammalsmammal1InvadingStageIntestinalbleeding,etc.2LarvamigratingstageVessels,skeletalcell3EncystedstageAcutesymptomssubside,muscularpaincontinuesMuscularbiopsy,ExaminationandxenodiagnosisoftheremainderoftheraworuncookedmeatAlbendazoleMebendazole(notwell),Corticosteroidsinacutestage2ClonorchissinensismetacercariaEatingrawfreshwaterfishandshrimpwithmetacercariaBileducts1stBithyniasnail2ndFamilyofCyprinidaeCat,dogGeneralcase:Severecase:Inchildcase:1.Alklidigestivemethod(NaOH10%)2.watersedimentation3.directfecalsmear4.duodenalaspirationPraziquantel(吡喹酮)Hexachloroparaxylol(六氯对二甲苯)Bithionol(硫双二氯酚;bitin)albendazoleFasciolopsisbuskimetacercariaEatingrawwaterplantswithMSmallintestinePlanorbissnailpig(adhesion)abdominaldiscomfortanddiarrheaMalnutrition1.directfecalsmear2.watersedimentationmethodPraziquantelHexachloroparaxylolBithionol(bitin)(pig)dipterex(敌百虫)ParagonimuswestermanimetacercariaEatingrawfreshwatercrabsandcrayfishwithMLungsandectopicparasitism1stmelaniasnail2ndfreshwatercrabandcrayfishCarnivores(tigerlionwolfetc)(Invadingandmigrating.Suppurative.Cystic.Fibrous-scarstage)PulmonaryBrainAbdominalSubcutaneoustypeSputum:1.Alkalidigestive2.directStool:1.Alkali2.water3.directBiopsy(Subcutaneoustype).CTX-rayPraziquantelHexachloroparaxylolBithionol(bitin)SchistomajaponicumcercariaContactwiththeinfectivewater(cercariainvadeskin)Portalveinsystem,mainlyintheinferiormesentericveinOncomelaniasnail(钉螺)Herbivorous,carnivorous,andomnivorousmammal.1.Cercariaandschistosomulum2.Adults3.Eggs:(SEA)eggsinlaidintheportalareasandintestinalwall1.Stoolexamination(direct-acutestage;concentrationmethod)2.Biopsy(proctoscopy)1.PraziquantelHexachloroparaxylolAntimonypotassium(酒石酸锑钾)2.dipterex(敌百虫)fordomesticanimal.3TaeniasoliumCysticercusandeggIngestingrawbean-porkoreggAdult:humansmallintestineCysticercus:pigorhumantissuesPigandman1.Teaniasis2.Cysticercosis:(Subcutaneousandmusculartype,Oculartype,Braintype)1.Findgravidproglottids(direct,floatation,scotchtape)2.Cysticercosis:Biopsy(S.type)Ophthalmoscope,CT,MR(B.S.M.type)1.Teaniasis:(ChineseherbMed)Arecanut(槟榔)andPumpkinseed.---(stoolscolexrecognition).Praziquantel(nocysticercus)2.Cysticercosis:surgicalremoval,Praziquantel(cerebralC)Echinococcusgranulosus(pastoralareas)eggIngestingeggsAdultinsmallintestinesofcanineanimalsMetacestode(larvalstage)intissuesofherbivoresormanHerbivores(sheep,goat,etc)human1.Hydatidosis(liver,lung,CNS,bone,peritonealcavity)2.Allergicreaction3.secondaryinfection1.Detectionofindicationofhydatidcys(H.thrill)Puncture(dangerous)Bultrasonography,CT,MR,X-ray(cystinlungandbone)1.Surgery(largeandaccessibleunilocularhydatid)2.Praziquantelandalbendazole(earlysmallcysts)EntamoebahistolyticaCystwith4nucleiBymouthIntestine;Excystationinduodenum;Encystationsincolon1.Materials:lectin,amoebicporeforming(穿孔素),proteindissolvingenzyme.Flask-shapedulcer2.Intestinalamoebiasis:A.dysentery3.Extra-intestinal(complications):A.abcessofL.P.B..1.StoolE.Livingtrophozoiteinunformedfeces(directorNS)Cystinformedfeces(Iodinestainforchroniccaseorcarrier)2.Immunological.T(Destroyintraorextra-intestinalpathogens)Metronidazole(甲硝唑)(acuteA.dysentary)Chloroquine(氯喹)(liverA.abcess)Compatibilityofthetwodrugs.4LeishmaniadonovaniPromastigotes(Amastigotesispathogenicstage)Bittenbysandflymacrophagesdogs(Visceralleishmaniasis)1.prolongedlowgradeF2.Hepto-splenomegaly,B.marrowhyperplasia3.Anemia,Leukopenia,Decreaseinplatelets4.ratioofA:Ginverted5.BleedingandinfectionDemonstrationofL.DbodyinD.smearorpromastigotesin3Nmedium.B.marrowpunctureLymphN.puncture1.Antimonysodiumgluconate葡萄糖酸锑钠(pentavalent)(I.VorI.M)2.Pentamidine(戊烷脒)forpatientresistanttothepentavalent3.Stibiihexonas(斯锑黒克)?GiardialambliaCystwith4nucleiBymouthUpperpartofsmallintestineandbilepassage(adheringandcoveringepithelia)diarrhea,anorexia,A.pain,weightlos