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机会致病原虫（opportunisticparasite）：在宿主体内通常处于隐性感染状态，当宿主免疫功能受累时，可出现异常增殖且致病力增强。Opportunisticparasitesoftencausesuppressiveinfectionsinhosts,andcanpresentabnormalproliferationandhigherpathogenicitywhenimmunityofparasitesdeclines.带虫免疫(premunition）：感染疟原虫后，体内原虫未被清除，维持低水平虫血症，但对再次感染有一定免疫力。Aftermalariainfection,withouteliminationofplasmodium,thebodymaintainsparasitemiaatalowlevelbutstillimmunetore-infections.伴随免疫(concomitantimmunity)：活成虫可使宿主产生获得性免疫，这种免疫对体内原有成虫没影响，但对再感染的童虫有一定抵抗力Liveadultwormscanmakehostshaveacquiredimmunity,andithasnoeffectsontheoriginaladultwormsinthebody,butimmunetotheschistosomulaofre-infections.消除性免疫（terilizingimmunity）：宿主能清除体内寄生虫，并对再感染产生完全的抵抗力。Hostscaneliminateparasitesandbecompleteimmunetore-infections.非消除性免疫（non-sterilizingimmunity）：大多数寄生虫感染可引起宿主对再感染产生一定程度的免疫力，但不能完全清除体内原有寄生虫，维持在一个低水平，表现为不完全免疫Mostparasiticinfectionscancausehoststogainimmunitytore-infections,butmaintaininalowlevelofinfectionsandpresentincompleteimmunity,withouteliminationoforiginalplasmodiuminthebody.免疫逃避（immuneevasion）：寄生虫与宿主长期相互适应过程中，有些寄生虫能逃避宿主的免疫反应的现象Inthelong-termadaptionofparasitesandhosts,someparasitescanevadeimmuneresponsesofhosts.Thisphenomenoniscalled~.抗原伪装（antigendisguise)：寄生虫体表结合有宿主的抗原，或者被宿主的抗原包被，妨碍了宿主免疫系统的识别。Thesurfaceofparasitebodyisbindtoorcoatedwithantigensofhosts,whichhindersrecognitionofimmunesystemofhosts.机会致病原虫（opportunisticprotozoan）：感染免疫功能正常宿主后并不引起临床表现，暂时处于隐性感染状态。但是，当感染抵抗力下降或免疫功能不全的宿主时，繁殖能力和致病力明显增强，患者出现明显的临床症状和体征，甚至危及生命。这类原虫称为机会致病原虫。Someparasiticinfectionsinimmune-competenthostsdon’tcauseclinicalperformancesandremainsuppressiveinfections.Butincaseofimmunologicalinadequacyordeclinedresistancetoinfection,theseparasitesgainstrongerproductivityandpathogenicity,andcauseobviousclinicalsymptomsandevenbelife-threatening.Theseparasitesarecalled~.伴随免疫（concomitantimmunity）：宿主初次感染血吸虫后，对再次感染的童虫有一定杀伤作用，而对宿主体内原有的成虫并无影响。一旦清除了体内成虫，则宿主对再感染的相对免疫力便逐渐消失。Aftertheinitialinfectionwithschistosomiasis,thehostisimmunetotheschistosomulaofre-infectionsbuthasnoeffectsonoriginaladultworms.Onceadultwormsareeliminated,therelativeimmunityofthehosttore-infectionsgraduallydisappears.人体寄生虫学（humanparasitology/medicalparasitology)~isabranchofthemedicalsciencesdealingwiththemembersoftheanimalkingdomlivinginoronthebodyofhumanwithmedicalsignificance.（摘自老师的ppt）生活史（Lifecycle）：寄生虫完成一代生长、发育和繁殖的整个过程称寄生虫的生活史。Lifecycleisthewholeprocessinwhichparasitescompleteagenerationofgrowth,developmentandreproduction.互利共生(Mutualism)：两种生物互相依赖，长期共生，双方有利。Thedependence,symbiosisandmutualbenefitsoftwoorganismsiscalled~.再燃（Recrudescence）：疟疾初发停止后，无重复感染，由于残存少量红内期原虫，在一定条件下重新大量繁殖起来，又出现症状性发作。Afterinitialmalariaattackstops,remainingparasitesinerythrocyticstagereproduceagainundercertainconditions,andcauseattackwithsymptoms.复发（relapse）：指疟疾初发患者，经过治疗，血中原虫已被完全肃清，在无重复感染的情况下，经过一定时间后，又出现原虫血症及发作。Aftertreatmentofinitialmalariainfection,parasitesinbloodhavebeeneliminated.Aftersometime,paroxysmoccursagain.隐性感染（Suppressiveinfection）：是指人体感染寄生虫后，既没有明显的临床表现，又不易用常规方法检获病原体的一种寄生现象。~isparasiticinfectionwithoutpresentingobviousclinicalsymptomsandnoteasytodetectpathogenswithconventionalmethods.夜现周期性（Noncturnalperiodicity）微丝蚴在外周血液中夜多昼少现象称夜现周期性。它们白天滞留在肺毛细血管中，夜晚则出现于外周血液。Theappearanceofmicrofilariaeinperipheralbloodhappensmostlyatnightandlessduringtheday.Theystayinpulmonarycapillaryvesselsduringthedayandinperipheralbloodatnight.