1小学英语语法一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man----men,woman----women,Chinese----Chinese,Policeman----policemen,policewoman----policewomen,child----childrenfoot----feet,.Tooth----teethfish-----fish,People----people,Japanese----Japanesemouse----mice二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.2特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3.动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如:IamwatchingTV.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。如:IamnotwatchingTV.4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如:AreyouwatchingTV?5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如:Whatareyoudoing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+be+动词ing?如:Whoissingingthere?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping3四、将来时1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。2、基本结构:①begoingto+do;②will+do.3、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?5、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1).问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.(2).问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.(3).问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?6、同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday,lastyear/week.)2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?4⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词的变化:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat六、情景运用1.问路、指路Excuseme.Where’sthe_______,please?Gostraighton./Turnleft./Turnright.2.询问对方正在做什么Whatareyoudoing?I’m_______Whatishe/shedoing?He’s/She’s___________Whataretheydoing?They’re__________3.询问对方是否要吃某种食物Doyouwantsome_______?Yes,please.No,thankyou.4.询问对方的能力Canyou_____?Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.5.谈论将要做的事情Whatareyougoingtodo?I’m/We’regoingto_________6.向别人要东西吃CanIhavesome______?Yes,youcan.Sorry,youcan’t.7.介绍某人5Thisis_______8.谈论周一至周日将要做的事WhatwillyoudoonMonday?I’ll_______onMondayWillyou______onMonday?Yes,Iwill.No,Iwon’t.9.做天气预报Itwillbehot/cold/sunny/windy.Itwillsnow/rain.10.做比较如:SamisolderthanDaming.七、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词:I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they他们物主代词my我的our我们的your你的your你们的his他的her她的its它的their他们的宾格me我us我们you你him他her她it它them他们主格:Iweyousheheitthey宾格:meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词:myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词:mineoursyourshershisitstheirs八、形容词和副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er如:tall---taller,strong---stronger,(2)双写最后一个字母,再+er如:big---bigger,fat---fatter,(3)把y变i,再+er如:heavy---heavier,early---earlier(4)不规则变化:如:well--better,much/many-more,6九、缩略形式I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heisdon’t=donotdoesn’t=doesnotit’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotwe’ll=wewill十、情态动词can引导的句型:表示有能力做某事can后面的动词要用原形。如:1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2.Icanwatertheflowers.3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t.4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.5.HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.重点词汇归纳:comebacklastSunday/night/yeargohomegotoschoolgototheparkhurryupinahurrywaitformakealistshoppinglisthalfakilohowm