就近原则与就远原则

就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。（就近原则就是在遇到一些特定的词组或句型后，动词的单数复数看离他最近的那个主语）这些词组有notonly...butalso...,either...or...,neither...nor...等。therebe……句型，Neither……nor……，Either……or……，Not……but……，Whether……or……Notonly……butalso……1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.类似的还有here和Thisisamanandwoman2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。NotonlytheybutalsoIamkeenonsports.【主谓一致现象】有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except(but),including等。例如：Tracy,likemanygirls,lovesdancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。Nooneexcept(but)meknowsaboutthisnews.除了我没有人知道就远原则代表词汇：aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；including；inadditionto；apartfromE.G：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.就远原则①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。