全站仪三角高程测量精度分析

I全站仪三角高程测量精度分析作者修涛内容摘要全站仪三角高程测量具有效率高，实施灵活等优点。全站仪三角高程测量可以代替水准测量进行高程控制，主要有对向观测法和中间观测法。在这两种方法中，前者将大气折光系数作为常数考虑，认为各个方向的折光系数相同，这与实际的情况有出入。而中间观测法则将大气折光系数作为变量处理，并加以改正。经研究并通过实践验证，在观测结果进行修正的条件下，全站仪三角高程测量完全能达到三、四等水准测量的精度要求，同时可借助Excel强大的数据处理能力，使观测数据的处理更为方便快捷[1]。文章根据三角高程测量原理及误差传播定律，对全站仪三角高程测量在测量中的应用及精度进行了探讨。对三角高程测量的不同方法进行了对比、分析总结。通过试验，对全站仪水准法三角高程测量进行了精度分析。关键词全站仪；三角高程测量；精度分析IITotalStationtrigonometriclevelingaccuracyanalysisAbstractTotalStationtrigonometriclevelingwithhighefficiency,theimplementationoftheadvantagesofflexible.TotalStationtrigonometriclevelingcanreplacethestandardofmeasurementforelevationcontrol,mainlyontheobservationmethodtotheobservationalmethodandintermediate.Inbothmethods,theformertakeintoaccountatmosphericrefractioncoefficientasaconstant,thattherefractioncoefficientineachdirection,thisdiscrepancywiththeactualsituation.Whiletheruleofthemiddleobservationofatmosphericrefractioncoefficientasavariableprocessingandcorrection.Researchandverifythroughpractice,TotalStationtrigonometriclevelingobservationsamendmentcanfullymeettheaccuracyrequirementsofthethirdandfourthlevelmeasurement,CantakeadvantageofExcel'spowerfuldataprocessingcapabilities,moreconvenienttomaketheprocessingofobservationaldata.Articlebasedontrigonometriclevelingprincipleandlawoferrorpropagation,TotalStationtrigonometriclevelingapplicationandaccuracyinthemeasurementarediscussed.Differentmethodsofmeasurementfortriangulationwerecompared,analyzedandsummarized.TrigonometriclevelingTotalStationStandardstest,measurementaccuracyanalysis.KeywordsElectronicTotalStation;trigonometricleveling;accuracyanalysisI目录摘要............................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。Abstract.......................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。第一章全站仪..........................................................................................................................11.1全站仪的介绍...............................................................................................................11.1.1全站仪的工作原理.............................................................................................11.1.2全站仪的发展和简史.........................................................................................11.1.3全站仪的分类.....................................................................................................11.1.4全站仪的结构.....................................................................................................21.1.5全站仪的主要特点.............................................................................................31.1.6全站仪操作注意事项.........................................................................................41.2全站仪的主要功能.......................................................................................................51.2.1水平角测量.........................................................................................................51.2.2距离测量.............................................................................................................51.2.3坐标测量.............................................................................................................51.2.4全站仪的数据通讯.............................................................................................51.3全站仪的检验...............................................................................................................61.3.1全站仪整平以及气泡校正.................................................................................61.3.2垂直度盘安装过程中的误差分析及其校正................................................61.3.3检验.....................................................................................................................7第二章全站仪三角高程测量的原理......................................................................................82.1三角高程测量定义.......................................................................................................82.2三角高程测量基本原理............................................................................................82.3全站仪三角高程测量的技术指标...............................................................................8第三章全站仪三角高程测量方法........................................................................................103.1三角高程测量的传统方法.........................................................................................103.2单向精密三角高程测量方法.....................................................................................113.3全站仪对边测量三角高程测量法.............................................................................113.4全站仪水准法三角高程测量.....................................................................................13II3.5对向观测法.................................................................................................................133.6中间观测法...............................................................................................................14第四章全站仪三角高程测量精度分析................................................................................174.1全站仪三