2014-2015广东高考语法填空

2014-2015广东高考语法填空题训练指导I.语法填空的命题特点：1主要考查记叙文2.首句不设空3.重点考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例1InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey______(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用beallowed；由had,left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是wereallowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。4.考查语境或文化。采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章才能确定答案。例：_________theyhappentobefamiliarwithChinesecustoms,westernerswillnotaskyouagainandagainortrytopresssomethingonyouafteryouhavesaidyoudon’twantit.Infact,ifyousay“no”whenyoureallywantsomethingtodrinkortoeat,youmayfindyourselfverythirstyorhungry.解析：根据句意及中西文化，“在你已说不想要什么东西之后，西方人不会一次又一次叫你吃东西或硬给你东西除非他们碰巧熟悉中国文化。事实上，如果你想喝或吃东西却又说不要，你就会渴着自己或饿着自己了。这样就能确定此空应填“unless”.5、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，连词一般2个，代词（1至2个），介词（1至2个），冠词1个，动词（2个，一个谓语与一个非谓语），词形转换2个6、适当提示。考生完全可以从句子结构或语境中推断出来。例:Itwouldbe______(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believable；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案为unbelievable。II.语法填空的能力要求：1.理解语篇的能力。2.分析句子结构的能力。3.在语境中熟练运用语法的能力III.语法填空的解题思路:口诀：读全文——析结构——明句意——知搭配——列考点IV.语法填空题的空格设计1.有提示词：给出一个动词、名词、形容词或副词2.纯空格：不给出任何词V.分类练习及实践:一.有提示词：(一).给一个动词时可能性较大的是:谓语动词___当动词作谓语时考虑时态和语态（1—5）非谓语动词____doing(表主动关系）done（表被动关系）todo（表目的，将要做……）（6—10）（提示：通过分析句子结构确定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词）词性转换_____变成名词的可能性大（11）有提示词:技巧1:主语+____________(提示词:动词)+其他（，）连词/引导词+主语+谓语+其他•（温馨提示：确定所填为____________后，应考虑它的____________，______________,___________________________________才能确保完全正确。）•技巧2：谓语谓语时态语态语气主谓一致主语+谓语+其他(,)____________(提示词:动词)+其他。（温馨提示：确定所填为____________后，应考虑它与主语的__________与__________关系，正确选用_________,_____________或_______________形式。）非谓语非谓语主动被动doingdonetodo观察:句子1-5与句子6-10空格前结构有什么不同?1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31.__broke__（break）downneararemoteandpoorvillage.(07广东)2.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__40results__(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.（08广东）3．Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34_pushed_(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.（09广东）4.Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,Jane40_wasinformed(inform).（09广东）5.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33_presented(present)thewatertotheoldman.（10广东）6.Whileshewasgettingme34._settled（settle）intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.(07广东)7.Forexample,theproverb,pluckingupacrop32__tohelp(help)itgrow,isbasedonthefollowingstory.（08广东）8.Shewishedthathewasaseasy32_-toplease(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.（09广东）9.Hespititout,37_saying(say)itwasawful.（10广东）10.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman___18sitting/sit(sit)atthefront.（11广东）11.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather36_choice_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(09广东)技巧3(二).给一个名词时可能是:词类转换____变成形容词的可能性最大,有时还可能变成反义词.名词复数1.Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__natural(nature)course.（08广东）2.Itwasthemost＿interesting（interest）buildinginthevillage.Frommorningtonightthereweretouristsoutsidethehouse3.Mostteachersare_patient(patience)．(三).给一个形容词或副词时可能性较大的是:词类转换____形容词变副词、变动词、变名词的可能性大形容词或副词变比较级和最高级1.ToTom,his_happiness_(happy)istogainmoremoney.2.Wedranktogetherandtalked__merrily(merry)tillfarintothenight.(2007,广东)3.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34_warmly(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(10广东)4.Hemustbe___20_mentally__(mental)disabled.(11广东)5.Hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”__higher(high).（08广东）6.Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe39__sweeter_(sweet).(10广东)7.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment16_later(late)thatday.(11广东)二.纯空格：不给出任何词时可能性较大的是:冠词a,an,the(1-4)介词for,with,without,after,before,beside,behindin,on,over,across…(5-9)连词或从句引导词but,and,or,because…(10-14)代词It,this,that,her,him,them,his,their,its,some,other…(15-19)定语从句关系词Who,whom,whose,which,that,When,where,why(20-23)固定搭配、根据上下文意思技巧4：若名词前没有限定词，很可能是填____________或________________________等限定词。冠词a,an,thesome,any,other,another,your,our,my,his,her,their,its•技巧5：a.主语+Vi.(不及物动词)+_____________+宾语。b._____________的基本用法及惯用搭配介词介词•技巧6：若两个主干完整的句子之间，即主语+谓语+其他（，）___________主语+谓语+其他。缺状语,应填（连词：when,where,why,how,if,because等）不缺成分，应填（连词：and,but,or,for,so等•技巧7:主语+谓语(vt./vi+介词)+_________。•或_________+谓语Vt+宾语。•Vi+其他。（宾格）代词缺宾语（主格）代词缺主语技巧8:_________缺主语，一定是填适当的关系代词：_____________,或缺宾语，填____________，缺状语，填_____________,缺定语，填_________。定语从句who,that,whichthat,which,whomwhen,where,whywhose名词性从句要学会快速正确判断三大从句（状语，定语，名词性从句）！冠词:1.Whileshewasgettingmesettledintoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35___a___smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.(07广东)2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot33._a__pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetorpushedyouwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.（09广东）3.Wehad___24an_amazi