《供电技术》第4版各章计算题-题解P592-17某机修车间,装有冷加工机床56台,共260kW;行车1台,共5.1kW,FC=15%;通风机4台,共5kW;点焊机3台,共10.5kW,FC=66%。该车间采用380/220V供电,试确定该车间的计算负荷(PC、QC、SC、IC)。解:由题可知,查p220附表2冷加工机床Kd1=0.15Pc1=PN1Kd1=260×0.15=39kW行车Kd2=0.10Pc2=PN2Kd2FC=5.1×0.1×15.0=0.1975kW通风机Kd3=0.80Pc3=PN3Kd3=5×0.8=4kW点焊机Kd4=0.35Pc4=PN4Kd4FC=10.5×0.35×66.0=2.9856kW同理tanφ1=1.73Qc1=Pc1tanφ1=39×1.73=67.47kvartanφ2=1.73Qc2=Pc2tanφ2=0.1975×1.73=0.3417kvartanφ3=0.70Qc3=Pc3tanφ3=4×0.7=2.8kvartanφ1=1.33Qc4=Pc4tanφ4=2.9856×1.33=3.9708kvarPc=Pc1+Pc2+Pc3+Pc4=39+0.1975+4+2.9856=46.1831kWQc=Qc1+Qc2+Qc3+Qc4=67.47+0.3417+2.8+3.9708=74.5825kvar7236.87432.76955825.741831.462222CCCQPSkVA2861.13338.037236.873NCCUSIA2-20某工厂35kV总降压变电所,拟选用两台等容量变压器,已知工厂总计算负荷为5000kV·A,其中一、二级负荷容量为3000kV·A,试选择变压器的容量。解:由题意,按暗备用方式3500%705000(kV·A)查p222附表4,试选择2台SL7-3150/35或SL7-4000/35则校验,(1)正常运行时%37.7931502/5000不符合经济运行要求%5.6240002/5000符合经济运行要求(2)事故情况下,满足过负荷能力首先3150和4000都大于3000kV·A,满足一二级负荷需要。4410%1403150kV·A负荷能力%2.8850004410,基本满足过负荷要求5600%1404000kV·A负荷能力%11250005600,满足过负荷要求综上所述,可选择2台SL7-4000/35型变压器。2-22某架空线路为8.2km,输电电压为35kV,导线型号为LJ-95,供电给某用户,年耗电量W=14980×103kW·h,线路上的最大负荷电流Ifmax=128A,cosφ=0.85,试求该线路上的功率损耗及年电能损耗。解:由题意,最大功率Pm65.659585.0128353cos3maxIUPNmkW则19.227165.6595/1014980/3maxmnPWTh查p53图2-46,可得τ=1550h由p226附表11查得r0=0.34Ω/km,x=0.36Ω/km得R=0.34×8.2=2.788Ω,X=0.36×8.2=2.952Ω年电能损耗41.212101550788.212831033232RIWClkW·h功率损耗6197.01)cos1(cos22222PPPPPSQ单位时间功率P=Wn/8760=14980MW·h/8760h=1.71MWQ=0.6197P=0.6197×1.71=1.0597Mvar则MVAMVAjjjXRUQPSL64.460134141.0)00975.000921.0()952.2788.2(3505972.171.1)(222222全年功率损耗=0.0134141×8760=117.51MVA2-24某用户变电所变压器型号为SL7-1000/10,负荷为Pav=700kW,75.0cos。试求:1)该变压器中的功率损耗。2)如欲将变压器二次侧负荷功率因数提高到0.95,问通常应采用什么措施进行功率因数补偿,并求出其补偿容量应为多少?3)如果变压器全年投入运行350天,年最大负荷利用时数Tmax=4500h,问补偿后该变压器中的电能损耗减少了多少?解:由题,查p222附表4kWPT8.1.0,kWPNTCu6.11.,5.2%.0TI,5.4%kU则1)kWSSPPPNTCTNCuTT905.11105.108.1100075.0/7006.118.122...0var2.642.39258711.04525100075.0/70010001005.410001005.2100%100%22.0kSSSUSIQNTCNTkNTTT2)采用并联电容器的方式补偿原功率因数75.0cos1,其8819.0tan1现功率因数95.0cos2,其3287.0tan2var24.387)3287.08819.0(700)tan(tan21kPQavB3)由p53图2-46查得:功率因数75.0cos1,其h34001功率因数95.0cos2,其h27002由式(2-56),可得电能损耗减少量为:hkWSSSSPWWNTcNTcNTCuTT83.1735185.14956.11]93.146578.2961[6.11]2700)100095.0/700(3400)100075.0/700[(6.11])()[(22222121.21P873-11供电系统如图3-20所示,试求图中k1、k2点发生三相短路时的短路参数(Ik(3)、I∞(3)、ish(3)、Sk(3))以及在最小运行方式下k2点的两相短路电流Ik(2)。解:由题意,选Sj=100MVA,Uj1=Uj2=6.3kV,则kAIIjj16.93.6310021(1)各元件阻抗标幺值4.0250100)3(max.*1kjMSSX,5051.0198100)3(min.*1kjmSSX1461.03710054.0221101*2avjUSlxX75.0101001005.7100%*3NTjkSSuX1638.13.61003.03610043100%222..*4avjLRNLRNLRUSIUXX1612.03.61008.008.0222202*5avjUSlxX(2)求电源点至短路点的总阻抗k1(3)点2961.175.01461.04.0*3*2*1*.1XXXXMM4012.175.01461.05051.0*3*2*1*.1XXXXmm(3)求短路电流最大运行方式:7715.02961.111*.1)*3(.1MMzXIkAIIIjMzMz0674.716.97715.0)*3(.1)3(.1kAIiMzMsh0218.180674.755.255.2)3(.1)3(.1kAiIMshMsh6891.10686.1)3(.1)3(.1MVASISjMzMk15.771007715.0)*3(.1)3(.1最小运行方式:7137.04012.111*.1)*3(.1mmzXIkAImz5373.616.97137.0)3(.1k2(3)点6211.21612.01638.12961.1*5*4*.1*.2XXXXMM7262.21612.01638.14012.1*5*4*.1*.2XXXXmm3815.06211.211*.2)*3(.2MMzXIkAIIIjMzMz4947.316.93815.0)*3(.2)3(.2kAIiMzMsh9115.84947.355.255.2)3(.2)3(.2kAiIMshMsh2856.5686.1)3(.2)3(.2MVASISjMzMk15.381003815.0)*3(.2)3(.2最小运行方式:3668.07262.211*.2)*3(.2mmzXIkAImz36.316.93668.0)3(.2kAIImzmz9098.236.32323)3(.2)2(.23-12某供电系统如图3-21所示,图中各条线路参数均相同,若要求k点发生三相短路时最大冲击电流不超过20kA,试问1)能否将母联开关QF闭合长期并联运行?2)最多允许几根电缆并联运行?解:由题意,选Sj=100MVA,Uj=Uav=6.3kV,则kAIj1646.93.63100各元件阻抗标幺值7456.13.61002.03610043100%222..*avjLRNLRNLRLRUSIUXX3137.03.61005.1083.0220*avjUSlxX3983.13.61005.137.02220*avjUSlrR则4331.13137.03983.1222*2**XRZ1787.34331.17456.1***ZXZLR2条并联5894.121787.32**)2(ZZ3条并联0596.131787.33**)3(ZZ4条并联7947.041787.34**)4(ZZ有6292.01*)2(*)2(ZIkAIIijsh7035.146292.01646.955.255.2*)2()2(9438.01*)3(*)3(ZIkAIIijsh0552.229438.01646.955.255.2*)3()3(2583.11*)4(*)4(ZIkAIIijsh407.292583.11646.955.255.2*)4()4(结论:1)不能将母联开关QF闭合长期并联运行;2)最多允许2根电缆并联运行。P883-16系统如图3-24所示。1)用有名值法计算系统中k点发生三相短路时的短路电流Ik(3)、ish.Σ(3);。图中的电流互感器是三相安装的。2)总结归纳用有名值计算低压系统短路电流的步骤。解:(1)由题意,考虑车间变电所为无穷大电源,系统电阻Rs=0,系统电抗Xs=0。(2)变压器阻抗mSUPRTNTNTNCuT031.463040010222.22...mSUuZTNTNkT4286.116304001005.4100%2.22.mRZXTTT694.10031.44286.112222(3)母线阻抗查附录表21LMY(50×6)mm2,r01=0.118mΩ/m,x01=0.20mΩ/m,Dav=1.26×240=300mmLMY(40×5)mm2,r02=0.177mΩ/m,x02=0.189mΩ/m,Dav=1.26×160=200mm各段母线阻抗为mlrRB708.06118.01011mlxXB2.162.01011mlrRB425.0)8.03(177.02022mlxXB4536.0)8.03(189.02022(4)变压器二次侧额定电流909.4A,故隔离开关的IN.QS=1000A,查得其接触电阻值为RQS=0.08mΩ(5)因75kW电动机的额定电流保是140A,查表4-1和4-2得低压断路器额定电流为140A时接触电阻Rkk=0.65mΩ,线圈电阻RQ=0.74mΩ,线圈电抗XQ=0.55mΩ(6)电流互感器阻抗RTA=0.33mΩ,XTA=0.3mΩ(7)电缆阻抗mRl282282.02.041.13mXl6.150156.02.0078.03(