硕士学位论文论文题目美国尼克松政府的医疗保险制度改革研究生姓名王建超指导教师姓名高芳英教授专业名称世界史研究方向近现代世界经济论文提交日期2014年4月美国尼克松政府的医疗保险制度改革 中文摘要 I美国尼克松政府的医疗保险制度改革中文摘要医疗保险制度改革自富兰克林·罗斯福总统时期就是美国内政亟待解决的重要问题之一,不仅关系着美国公民的切身利益,更对美国的社会稳定和经济社会发展产生重要影响。作为第一位极力推动医疗保险改革的共和党总统,尼克松上台后针对医疗保险制度存在的覆盖率不足和医疗卫生费用高涨这两大问题,采取了积极的改革举措。这些改革举措都是美国医疗保险体制改革历史的重要组成部分,对于推动美国医疗保险制度的发展和完善起到了重要作用。尤其是通过的《健康维护组织法》更成为美国医疗保险制度改革的里程碑,对于美国医疗保险赔付机制转变,医疗卫生费用控制及提高民众医保覆盖率都起到了不可替代的作用。关键词:美国;尼克松政府;医疗保险制度;改革作者:王建超指导教师:高芳英教授AbstractAmerican’sHealthInsuranceReforminthereignofNixon IIAmerican’sHealthInsuranceReforminthereignofNixonAbstractHealthinsurancereformwasoneofthemostimportantdomesticaffairsfortheAmericangovernmentsinceFranklinRooseveltwasthePresident.Healthinsurancereformhasanimportantinfluenceontheimmediateinterestsofthecitizens,andsocialstabilityandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.NixonwasthefirstPresidentfromtheRepublicanPartywhoisinterestedinhealthinsurancereform.WhenRichardNixongotelected,thereweretwoimportantproblemsintheAmericanhealthinsurancesystem,theinadequatecoverageandtherisinghealthcarecosts.SoitisnecessarilyforNixontoputthehealthinsurancereformintoeffect.Nixontookmanydifferentreformmeasures,andthesemeasuresplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofhealthinsurancesystemandalsowereanimportantpartofthehealthinsurancereformhistoryoftheUnitedStates.Especially,“theHealthMaintenanceOrganizationActof1973”becameamilestoneofthehealthinsurancereform.Itplayedanirreplaceableroleonthetransformationofmedicalinsurancereimbursementmechanism,thehealthcostcontrolandtheimprovementofpublichealthcoverage.Keywords:U.S.;NixonAdministration;Healthinsurance;ReformWrittenby:WangJianchaoSupervisedby:Pro.GaoFangying 目录前言....................................................................................................................................1第一章尼克松政府医疗保险改革的背景..........................................................................6第一节1969年前医疗保险制度概况.............................................................................6一、商业医疗保险的发展演变.....................................................................................6二、公共医疗保险的发展演变.....................................................................................9第二节尼克松政府初期的医疗保险状况及主要问题................................................11一、医疗保险状况.......................................................................................................12二、覆盖率和费用问题...............................................................................................13第三节尼克松的医疗福利思想....................................................................................15第二章推动医疗保险实现全民覆盖的改革....................................................................18第一节1971年全民医疗保险议案...............................................................................18一、议案的提出及主要内容.......................................................................................19二、议案的讨论和结果...............................................................................................25第二节1974年全民医疗改革议案...............................................................................27一、议案的提出和主要内容.......................................................................................27二、议案的争论和妥协...............................................................................................28第三章控制医疗卫生费用的改革....................................................................................31第一节控制医疗卫生费用的管理性计划....................................................................32一、需求证明计划.......................................................................................................32二、专业标准评估组织计划.......................................................................................32第二节控制医疗卫生费用的综合性计划——健康维护组织....................................33一、健康维护组织的渊源...........................................................................................34二、1973年《健康维护组织法》..............................................................................35三、组织形式和运营方式...........................................................................................41第四章尼克松政府医疗保险制度改革评价....................................................................44第一节推行全民医保挫败的原因................................................................................44 一、美国的文化传统与政策取向...............................................................................44二、美国的政治架构和政治文化...............................................................................45三、美国的经济形势变化...........................................................................................46四、中产阶级的态度...................................................................................................46五、医疗保险体系的发展...........................................................................................47第二节健康维护组织的成效........................................................................................47一、健康维护组织的发展...........................................................................................47二、健康维护组织的意义...............................................................