美日保险监管制度比较研究

3,,,,WTO,3::0571-88989590310012;:100872,,,,,,,Sigma1999,7951.88,34.22%,4948.85,21.29%,(),,1945,504,,,1871(NAIC)55,,,,(Roach,1993),842110023©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),(,1999)1999114,,,,,,2090,,,19986(FSA),;20007,,,(),,95%,,,1999500,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20,,,(,2000),90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()11,(),,,,,,942110023©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,199410,,199610,,,,,,20011,,,1996,,,,,,1996,,,,,,,21,;,,,,,,,,,19987,31,,,,:(1),,50-600,1990,1992-1993052110023©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Grace,etal.,1993)NAIC,120-150%100-150%70-100%70%,:,200%250%,,;,(Cummins,etal.,1995)(2)(GAAP)(SAP);,(3),,,,1992,,,,1995(assetvaluationreserve)(interestmaintenancereserve)()(,2000)(4),(SEC),,,2080,,,,1999114,,,,,2090,,(1),,10,152110023NAIC,:=()100%:,©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),(,2001),,,,,,,,,,200%;100-200%,;0-100%,,,,,;0%,,0%,,,,2001200010,200%,,,,,2001331,,,50%,,(),,,,2001350200%,2000160%110%,200%(3),,90,,,,1996,,,41,1807,,,252110023=[(90%85%)ö()]100%©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Pritchett,etal.,1996)1996,,,6,,,3;,;(),,,,,30,10,2%,(2-3%)19941,,,,199619974,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,(,1999),,,,,,,A.M.Best,,A.M.BestA.M.BestA.M.BestöA.M.Bestö,352110023©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.’sInvestorsStandard&PoorSwissResearch4,,,,,,(,2000),,,,,,,,19974200010,6,1998,:,,,,,1996,,,,,1996,,,:[](2000):,(2001):,2[-](1999):,(2000):,(1999):,(2000)::,Cummins,J.David,ScottE.HarringtonandRobertKlein(1995):InsolvencyExperience,Risk2BasedCapital,andPromptCorrectiveActioninProperty2LiabilityInsurance,JournalofBankingandFinance19,pp.511-528.Grace,Martin,ScottHarringtonandRobertKlein(1993):Risk2BasedCapitalStandardsandInsolvencyRisk:AnEmpiricalAnalysis.Paperpresentedatthe1993AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanRiskandInsuranceAssociation.Pritchmit,S.TravisJounT.Schmit,HelenI.Doerpinghaus,JamesL.Athearn(1996):RiskManagementandInsurance(seventhedition)WestPublishingCompany,Chap.26.Roach,GeraldL.(1993):CoordinatingTwo2tieredRegulation(dualfederal2stateregulationofinsuranceindustry).BestsReview2Life2HealthInsuranceEdition.(:20019:)452110023©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.