一、专业词汇翻译minen.矿山,矿井。v.采矿collieryn.矿井coalmining采煤coalfieldn.煤田striken.走向dipn.倾向roadwayn.巷道miningdistrict采区coalfacen.采煤面workingface工作面ventilationn.通风boltv.打锚杆;n.锚杆immediateroof直接顶;floor底板;gas,methane瓦斯outcrop露头,露出地面的岩层faultn.断层occurrence赋存coalfield煤田airshaft风井surroundingrock围岩Mineventilation矿山通风internalcombustionengine内燃机dilute冲淡,变淡,变弱,稀释contaminant污染物noxious有害的exhaustshaft出风井colliery煤矿trapdoor通风门moisturecontent湿度rank品级bituminous烟煤anthracite无烟煤igneous[地]火成的naturalfracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性freegas游离状态瓦斯adsorbedgas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorptionisotherm吸附等温线Methanedrainage瓦斯抽放Borehole钻孔★AccidentCausationModels:事故致因模型★Systemsafety:系统安全★Hazardanalysis:危害分析★Hazardidentification:危险源辨识★Ergonomicsprocess人机工程过程★HazardIdentification危险源辨识★safetyculture安全文化★corporateculture企业文化★AccidentInvestigation:事故调查★minefire矿井火灾二、句型翻译★1、RasmussenandJensenhavepresentedathree-levelskill-rule-knowledgemodelfordescribingtheoriginsofthedifferenttypesofhumanerrors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能—规范—知识的三级模型,用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。★2、Thesafetycultureofanorganizationistheproductofindividualandgroupvalues,attitudes,perceptions,competencies,andpatternsofbehaviorthatdeterminethecommitmentto,andthestyleandproficiencyof,anorganization’shealthandsafetymanagement.组织的安全文化是个人和群体的价值观、态度、认识、能力以及行为方式的产物,这些因素决定着组织健康与安全管理的投入、形式和水平。(定语从句的分译)★10、Theergonomicprocess’keypurpose,istocommunicateinformationamongallthoseinvolved,sothatadequateandfeasiblesolutionstoproblemshavingergonomicsissuescanbesolved.人机工程过程的主要目的,是为了在所有涉及到的因素之间进行信息交流,从而为涉及人机工程的问题提出充分、可行的解决方法。★11、Theexpectedbenefitsofhazardidentificationareadecreaseintheincidentsofinjuries,adecreaseinlostworkdaysandabsenteeism,adecreaseinworkers’compensationcosts,increasedproductivity,andbettercooperationandcommunication.危险源辨识的预期目标包括:降低伤害事故的发生、减少工时损失和旷工、降低工人赔偿开支、提高生产力、增进合作与交流★21、Williamsetaltakeissuewiththenotionthatorganisationalculturereflectssharedbehaviours,beliefs,attitudesandvalues.Thearguethatnotallorganisationalmembersrespondinthesamewayinanygivensituation,althoughtheremaybeatendencyforthemtoadoptsimilarstystlesofdress,modesofconduct,andperceptionsofhowtheorganisationdoes,orshould,function.Williams等人对组织文化反映了人们共同的行为、信念、态度和价值观这一主张提出了异议。他们认为,尽管组织成员可能会倾向于接受相似的着装方式、行为模式以及组织可能或应该如何运行的看法,但是并不是所有的组织成员在任何给定的情况下都会做出同样的反应。”★28、Anaccidentinvestigationisafact-findingprocessandnotafault-findingprocesswiththepurposeofaffixingblame.Theendofanyresultofanaccidentinvestigationshouldbetoassurethatthetypeofhazardoraccidentdoesnotexistoroccurinthefuture.事故调查是一个寻找事实的过程,而不是一个为了追究责任去寻找过错的过程。事故调查的任何结果的目标都应该是为了确保这一类的危害或事故将来不再存在或发生。★29、Inspiteoftheircomplexity,mostaccidentsarepreventablebyeliminatingoneormorecauses.Accidentinvestigationsdeterminenotonlywhathappened,butalsohowandwhy.尽管事故很复杂,但是大部分事故还是可以利用消除一个或多个致灾因素来预防的。事故调查确定的不仅仅是发生了什么,还包括怎么发生的,为什么发生。★36、Theterm“safetyculture”firstmadeitsappearanceinthe1987OECDNuclearAgencyreportonthe1986Chernobyldisaster.Gaininginternationalcurrencyoverthelastdecade,itislooselyusedtodescribethecorporateatmosphereorcultureinwhichsafetyisunderstoodtobe,andisacceptedas,thenumberonpriority.“安全文化”这一概念首次出现是在1987年欧洲经合组织(OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)核能机构关于1986年切尔诺贝利灾难的报告中。随着过去十年在国际上的流行,被广泛用于描述认为并接受安全为首要问题的企业氛围和文化。★40、Inspiteoftheircomplexity,mostaccidentsarepreventablebyeliminatingoneormorecauses.尽管事故很复杂,但是大部分事故还是可以利用消除一个或多个致灾因素来预防的。★41、Undergroundcoalmininghashistoricallybeenoneofthehighestriskactivitiesasfarasthesafetyandhealthoftheworkforceareconcerned.就(人们)所关心的工人安全与健康问题而言,地下煤矿开采在历史上一直是高危行业之一。★42、Mineventilationistwofoldinpurpose:first,itmaintainslife,andsecondlyitcarriesoffdangerousgases.Thehistoricroleofventilationwastoprovideaflowoffreshairsufficienttoreplacetheoxygenconsumedbytheminersworkingunderground.矿山通风的目标有两部分内容:首先,维持生命;其次,带走有毒的气体。矿山通风在历史上重要的角色是提供足量的新鲜空气,以代替井下工作的矿工所消耗的氧气。★43、Inthepast,miningoccurrednearthesurfacewherenaturallightandventilationwasavailable.Fireswereusedtodrawfreshairintothemineandexhaustshaftsventedthehotsmokeoutofthemine.过去,采矿业产生在地表附近,可利用自然光和通风。人们用火驱动新鲜空气进入井下,出风井把烟排出井外。三、长句或小段落翻译★1、OnecomprehensivedefinitionforanorganizationalculturehasbeenpresentedbyScheinwhohassaidthatorganizationalcultureis“apatternofbasicassumptions—invented,discovered,ordevelopedbyagivengroupasitlearnstocopewithitsproblemsofexternaladaptationandinternalintegration—thathasworkedwellenoughtobeconsideredvalidand,therefore,tobetaughttonewmembersasthecorrectwaytoperceive,think,andfeelinrelationtothoseproblems”.对组织文化的一种全面的定义是由Schein提出的,他认为组织文化是“一种基本假设的模型——由特定群体文化在处理外部适应与内部聚合问题的过程中发明、发现或发展出来的——由于运作效果好而被认可,并传授给组织新成员以作为理解、思考和感受相关问题的正确方式。”★10、Safetyhasbeenintentionallyintegratedintothedesignanddevelopmentofmanysystems.Insomeinstances,however,thesafetyrealizedinasystemwasonlyabyproductofgoodengineeringpractice.Assystemshavebecomemorecomplexandexpensive,safetyproblemshavebecomemoreacute.Becauseofacceleratingtechnologyanddemandsfora“firsttimesafe”operation,aneedhasarisentoformallyorganizesafetyeffortsthroughoutasystem’slifecycle.Tomeetthisneed,theconceptsofsystemsafetyandthefie