定语从句习题

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1定语从句Ⅰ.定语从句的基本知识1.用一个句子修饰一个名词,被修饰的名词叫“先行词”,这个句子叫“定语从句”,定语从句也叫形容词性从句,因为形容词的基本功能是作定语修饰名词。定语从句必须有引导词,引导词叫“关系词”。关系词必须在从句中作成份,叫作关系词具有句法功能;关系词在从句当中作宾语(宾语包含及物动词的宾语和介词的宾语)的时候可以且经常省略,但是省略不等于没有。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在从句当中作主语、宾语、表语及定语;关系副词在从句当中作状语。先行词和关系词之间有逗号的是“非限制性定语从句”,没有逗号的是“限制性定语从句”。关系副词有:when,where,why。关系代词有:who,that,which,who的宾格形式为whom,所有格宾格形式为whose。2.如果先行词是人,关系词要么用who(宾格形式为whom),要么用that;如果先行词不是人,关系词要么用that,要么用which。who,that,which都是关系代词。3.关系代词which和that都可以担当介词的宾语,但是which可以且经常和介词连用,that不能和介词连用;prep+which引导的定语从句,prep+which相当于一个关系副词,在从句当中作状语。prep+which引导的定语从句从表面看考的是定语从句,其实质考的是介词的搭配,介词要么和先行词配,要么和从句中的某一个词配。4.that不能引导非限制性定语从句,which可以且经常引导非限制性定语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句的时候,不管which在从句当中作何成份,which都不能省略;which引导的非限制性定语从句有时候可以用整个句子作为先行词。5.关系词当中只有一个关系代词whose在从句当中作定语修饰名词,先行词可以是人,也可以不是人。6.关系副词when在从句当中作状语表时间,关系副词where在从句当中作状语表地点,关系副词why在从句当中作状语表原因。7.(1)如果先行词为不定代词,或者先行词受到形容词最高级或者先行词受到序数词的修饰的时候,关系词只能用that,不能用which。(2)如果先行词前面有theonly,thevery修饰时,关系词只能用that,不能用which。(3)如果先行词当中既有人又有物时,关系词只能that,不能用which。8.关系代词作主语的时候必须和先行词保持一致,也就是说先行词是单数,关系代词就是单数;先行词是复数数,关系代词就是复数;但是oneof+plthat/which/who引导的定语从句,如果that/which/who在从句当中作主语的时候,谓语是复数;the(only)oneof+plthat/which/who引导的定语从句,如果that/which/who在从句当中作主语的时候,谓语是单数。9.thosewho+句子=thosepeoplewho+句子注意:①英语的特征是主语短,谓语长。如果主语带有定语从句,经常把主语的定语从句后置放在谓语后面。②定语从句考试经常考的是选择关系词,答题原则是:缺什么成分,选什么性质的关系词,但是还要分清先行词。③what不是关系词,不能引导定语从句,它要么引导名词性从句,要么引导感叹句。e.g.(1)Theboy(whom/who)yousawlastnightismybrother。注意:在口语当中可以用who代替whom,如果作介词的宾语,只能用whom。(2)Thisisthehouse(which/that)Mr.Wangoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousewhereMr.Wangoncelived.=ThisisthehouseinwhichMr.Wangoncelived.(3)Heisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.(4)Thecarthat/whichwasstolenhasbeenfound.(5)Mr.Smith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.(6)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.(7)Herushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.(8)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(9)Thisistheverycar(that)sheisdreamingof.(10)Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.(11)Tomistheonlyoneofthestaffmemberswhoisgoingtobepromoted.习题(1)Theclassneedsamonitor_______.A.whomeveryonehasconfidenceonB.whoeveryonehasconfidenceofC.forwhomeveryonehasconfidenceD.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence空格部分是含有关系词的定语从句,但是这个题实质考的是介词的搭配,正确答案只能是D注意:haveconfidencein+n意思是:对……有信心,confidence为[u]loseconfidencein+n意思是:对……丧失信心showconfidencein+n意思是:对……表现出信心lackconfidencein+n意思是:对……缺乏信心beconfidentof+n意思是:相信……confident是confidence的形容词形式(2)Hissittingroomislinedwithallkindsofbooks,______hehaseverread.A.noneofB.ofwhichC.noneD.noneofwhich空格部分是非限制性定语从句的关系词,A和C是错的,定语从句缺宾语,B是错的,正确答案只能是D(3)Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandfulfilledtheplantendaysaheadofschedule,______wassomethingwehadnotexpected.A.thatB.thisC.itD.which空格部分是非限制性定语从句的关系词,正确答案只能是D注意:which引导的非限制性定语从句,可以用整个句子作为先行词。(4)Margaretspentalltheeveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,____noneofushadeverheard.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhatD.ofwhich空格部分是非限制性定语从句的关系词,A和C是错的,定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语,B是错的,正确答案只能是D注意:heardthebook不成立,heardofthebook成立hearof/about+n意思是:听说(5)Theinvestigation,_________willsoonbepublished,wasmadebyProfessorSmith.A.atwhichtheresultsB.theresultsonwhichC.ofwhoseresultsD.whoseresultsA和B是错的,因为介词没有匹配对象;C是错的,因为of和whose都表所属关系;正确答案只能是D注意:whose+n=the+n+ofwhich,此处whoseresults=theresultsofwhich(6)Fordproposedasystem________eachworkerwouldhaveaspecialjobtodo.A.thatB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语,C是错的;system搭配介词in,正确答案只能是B(7)Thepicture______hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.A.itB.thatC.whatD.where空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺主语,正确答案只能是B(8)Much_______Ihavereadhasbeennonsense.A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺宾语,先行词为不定代词,正确答案只能是A(9)I'mgoingtospendthewintervacationinShanghai,_______Ihavesomerelatives.A.becauseB.whichC.thatD.where空格部分是非限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺状语,正确答案只能是D(10)Thisisthemostexcitingfilm_____Ihaveeverseenuptonow.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.who空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺宾语,先行词受到形容词最高级的修饰,正确答案只能是A(11)Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺主语,正确答案只能是A(12)Thefactory______we’llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺宾语,正确答案只能是C(13)Thisisthehotel______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.thattheystayedD.wheretheystayed空格部分是含有关系词的限制性定语从句,B是错的,因为that不能和介词连用;定语从句缺状语,A和C是错的,正确答案只能是D(14)All_______ispeaceandprogress.A.whatisneededB.whichisneededC.thatisneededD.forourneeds空格部分是含有关系词的限制性定语从句,A是错的,先行词为不定代词,B是错的,D结构不对,正确答案只能是C(15)Thatistheveryoldwoman_______housewasburneddownlastnight.A.whichB.herC.ofwhoD.whose空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺定语,正确答案只能是C(16)Theonlything_______interestsmeistheprogressofmystudents.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it空格部分是限制性定语从句的关系词,定语从句缺主语,先行词为不定代词,正确答案只能是B(17)PandascanbeseeninSichuanProvince,_____theregrowsakindofbamboo______pandaslive.A.which…whichB.inwhich…thatC.where…thatD.where…onwhich第一空是非限制性定语从句的关系词,非限制性定语从句缺状语,A是错的第二空是限制性定语从句的关系词,限制性定语从句缺状语,B和C是错的;正确答案只能是D(18)IoftendreamofParis,butI’veneverbeenthere.It’stheplace_______.A.whereI’dliketovisitB.thatIwanttovisititmostC.inwhichI’dliketovisitD.Imostwanttovisit空格部分是含有关系词的限制性定语从句,定语从句缺宾语,正确答案只能是D注意:此题的关键是visit是vt需要有宾语(19)Alvafoundapla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