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定语从句（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.很多情况下关系副词用“介词＋which/whom”来代替***关系代词前的介词如何确定？A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配Mr.Smithboughtanewhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.=Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。（inthehall）C.根据所表达的意思确定Thegaswithwhichdoctorscansavethepatientsiscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedwithher.=IshallneverforgetthoseyearsduringwhichIlivedwithher.我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose，介词在句尾时，关系代词可which,that,whom,who,都行，而且还可以省略。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.4.......，...of+关系代词=whoseIliveintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth=Iliveintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth5.which代替this/that/theHemightbeinbed,inwhichcasewecangowithouthim.6.介词+关系代词+todo可转化为“介词+关系代词+句子Thepoormanhadnohouseinwhichtolive=thepoormanhadnohouseinwhichhecouldlive.Shehadonly8dollarswithwhichshecouldbuyherhusbandapresent.________________________________________________________________7.fromwhere“:介词+关系副词”where指前面表具体位置的介词短语。Hestoodonthetopofthehill,fromwherehecouldseethewholevillage.Exercises:1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary's.AthesmallestofwhichBthesmallerofwhichCthesmallestofthemDthesmallestone2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.AbythetimeBbywhichtimeCbythattimeDbythistime3.Alicehasalargecollectionofpicture,_____wastakeninlondon.AnoneofthemBnooneofwhichCallofwhichDnoneofwhich4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbeforelivedahappylife.AwhoBwhoseCinwhoseDinwhich5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhoseBofwhichCit'sDthat6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.AwhatBthatCwhichDthis7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.2)Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.Atwo-thirdsinwhichBtwo-thirdsinthemCtwo-thirdsofthemDofwhomtwothirds9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.AneitherofthemBnoneofthemCneitherofwhichDnoneofwhich（1---6ABDCBC8----9DC）（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.（六）定语从句注意问题（1）限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?记下Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.。Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.注意：当先行词指人时，也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何人Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?？6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。7.关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Chinaisn’tthecountrythatitusedtobe.2．只能用which不用that的情况1)引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.2)介词后只用whichThisistheroominwhichhelived.Idon’tknowthemanto