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surgery外科asepsis灭菌法antisepsis消毒法sterilization霉菌disinfection消毒perioperativeperiod围术期preoperativepreparation术前准备emergency/confine/selectiveoperation急症手术/限期手术/择期手术postoperativemanagement术后处理ICU重症监护室postoperativecomplications术后并发症isotonicdehydration等渗性脱水hypo~/hyper低/高waterintoxication水中毒hypo/hyperkalemia低/高钾血症hypo/hypercalcemia低/高钙血症magnesium镁phosphatemia磷metabolicacidosis代谢性酸中毒alkalosis碱中毒bloodtransfusion输血NHFTR非溶血性发热反应DHTRS延迟性溶血反应TRALI输血相关急性肺损伤TA-GVHD输血相关移植物抗宿主病autologous自体的bloodcomponents血液成分bloodsubstitute血液代用品肺毛细血管楔压PCWP失血性、创伤性、脓毒性休克hemorrhagic/traumatic/septicshock肠外营养、肠内营养PN/EN支链氨基酸BCAA基础能量消耗BEE要素制剂、组建制剂elemental/modulediet少尿、无尿oliguria/anuria血透、腹透hemopurification/peritonealdialysis急性胃肠功能障碍、急性肝衰竭AGD/AHF麻醉诱导inductionofanesthesia麻醉维持maintenanceofanesthesia麻醉苏醒recovery全身、局部麻醉general/localanesthesia吸入、静脉麻醉inhalational/intravenousanesthesia表面、局部浸润麻醉topical/infiltrationanesthesia蛛网膜下腔、硬膜外腔、骶管阻滞subarachnoid/epidural/caudalblock脊麻-硬膜外联合阻滞CSE最低肺泡有效浓度MAC肌松药musclerelaxantIntensivecareunit重症监护治疗病房VT潮气量FRC功能残气量VC肺活量FEV1第一秒用力呼气量百分比PaO2动脉血氧分压SaO2血氧饱和度PaCO2动脉血二氧化碳分压V/Q通气/血流比值PaO2/FiO2氧合指数Oxygentherapy氧疗CMV控制通气IPPVA/CMV辅助/控制通气IMV间歇指令通气SIMVPSV压力支持通气PEEP呼气末正压通气CO心排血量CVP中心静脉压PAP肺动脉压PCWP肺毛细血管楔压CPR心肺复苏BLS初期复苏ALS后期复苏PRT复苏后治疗Centralpain中枢性疼痛Peripheralpain外周性疼痛Sprain，twistedwound扭伤Contusedwound挫伤Puncturewound刺伤Incisedwound切割伤Furuncle疖Carbuncle痈Acutephlegmon急性蜂窝织炎Acutelymphangitis急性淋巴管炎Acutelymphadenitis急性淋巴结炎Erysipelas丹毒Abscess脓肿Paronychia甲沟炎Felon脓性指头炎Melanoticnevus黑痣Melanoma黑色素瘤Lipoma脂肪瘤Neurinoma，Schwannoma神经鞘瘤Neurofibroma神经纤维瘤Hemangioma血管瘤Vascularmalformation血管畸形Sebaceouscyst皮脂腺囊肿Surgicalinfection外科感染SIRS全身炎症反应综合征CARS代偿性抗炎症反应综合征Sepsis脓毒症Sepsissyndrome脓毒综合征Fungalinfection真菌感染Opportunisticinfection条件感染Tetanus破伤风Gasgangrene气性坏疽AIDS获得性免疫缺陷综合征Superinfection二重感染Surgicalsiteinfection，SSi外科手术部位感染MRSA金黄色葡萄球菌创伤traumaAbrasion擦伤Laceration撕裂伤Contusedwound挫伤Crushwound挤压伤Twistedwound扭伤Debridement清创术BEE基础能量消耗Ventilation通气Resuscitation复苏Hemostasis止血Bandaging/dressing包扎Firearmwound火气伤Burns烧伤Exudation体液渗出Woundhealing创面修复Blister水泡Eschar焦痂Escharotomy焦痂切开减张术Fluidreplacement补液治疗Microsurgery显微外科End-to-end/end-to-sideanastomosis端端/端侧吻合Digitalpressurecapillaryreaction毛细血管充盈试验Organtransplantation器官移植Donor供者Recipient受者Graft移植物Rejection排斥反应Transplantationantigen移植抗原Hyperacuterejection超急性排斥反应Acuterejection急性排斥反应Chronicrejection慢性排斥反应Immunologicaltolerance免疫耐受Tumor肿瘤Inductionchemotherapy诱导化疗Adjuvantchemotherapy辅助化疗Primarychemotherapy初始化疗Radiotherapy放疗MIM微创医学MIS外科微创技术Diagnosticlaparoscopy诊断性腹腔镜LaparoscopiccholecystectomyLC腹腔镜胆囊切除术Leakage漏Biliaryfistula胆瘘Interventionaltherapy介入治疗