多模式超级电容充电电路设计

1论文题目：多模式超级电容充电电路设计专业：微电子学本科生：珏萱（签名）___________指导教师：师之授（签名）___________摘要超级电容是一种介于传统电容器与蓄电池之间新型储能设备，具有可快速充电、大容量、工作温度范围宽、节能环保、寿命长等优点。因此各国都加大了对超级电容的研究力度，被广泛应用于消费电子、太阳能发电、后备电源等方面，尤其是在电动汽车领域的研究应用受到全球的广泛关注。如何快速高效的给超级电容进行充电，成为了新的研究的热点，本论文结合相关研究结果对多模式充电电路的整体设计方案进行了分析和设计。目前对超级电容进行充电的方式主要有恒流充电、恒功率充电、恒流转恒压充电、脉冲电流充电以及恒压充电等。本论文结合国内外对超级电容充放电原理及特性的研究结果，设计了具有恒流、恒功率以及恒压三种组合转换模式的充电电路，硬件电路包括Buck变换电路、PWM波驱动控制电路、充电模式控制电路，在对超级电容进行充电的同时，通过采样电路，将采样信号反馈给控制电路，实现三种充电模式转换，这样可以有效的解决在单一充电模式下的不足之处，在一定程度上提高超级电容的充电效率。对所设计的多模式充电电路的输出电流、输出电压等参数进行了测试，所得到的测试结果表明，多模式充电电路能够实现三种充电模式组合转换，达到预期的设计要求。关键词：超级电容，Buck变换器，PWM，多模式充电2Subject:Multi-ModeSupercapacitorchargingcircuitdesignSpecialty:MicroelectronicsScienceandEngineeringName:JueXuan(Signature)___________Instructor:ShiZhishou(Signature)___________ABSTRACTSupercapacitorisarangeofnewenergystoragedevicebetweenconventionalcapacitorsandbatteries,ithasafastcharge,high-capacity,wideoperatingtemperaturerange,energysaving,longlifeadvantages.Socountrieshaveincreasedtheresearcheffortsofthesupercapacitor,itiswidelyusedinconsumerelectronics,solarpower,backuppowerandotheraspects,especiallyallaroundtheworldisconcernedaboutthefieldofelectricvehiclesapplicationwidely.Howtoquicklyandefficientlychargethesupercapacitor,hasbecomeanewfocusofresearch,thisarticlecombinesresearchresultsonthemulti-modechargingcircuitdesignschemeanddesignareanalyzed.Currentlythesupercapacitorischargedmainlyconstantcurrentchargingmode,constantpowercharge,theconstantflowofconstantvoltagecharging,pulsecurrentchargingandconstantvoltagecharging.Currentlythesupercapacitorischargedmainlyconstantcurrentchargingmode,constantpowercharge,theconstantflowofconstantvoltagecharging,pulsecurrentchargingandconstantvoltagecharging.HardwarecircuitincludesaBuckconversioncircuit,PWMwavedrivecontrolcircuit,thechargingmodecontrolcircuit,Atthesametimethesupercapacitorischarged,bysamplingcircuit,thesamplingsignalbacktothecontrolcircuit,convertingthreechargemodes,whichcaneffectivelysolvetheshortcomingsinasinglechargingmode,tosomeextent,improvethesupercapacitorchargingefficiency.Thedesignofmulti-modechargingcircuitoutputcurrent,outputvoltageandotherparametersweretested,thetestResultsshowthatthemulti-modechargingcircuitcanachievethreechargingmodestoconvertcombinationtoachievethedesireddesignrequirements.Keywords:supercapacitance,buckconverter,PWM,multi-modecharge3目录第1章绪论.......................................................................................................51.1超级电容的研究背景及意义......................................................................51.2超级电容的研究现状及发展趋势...............................................................51.3超级电容充放电原理.................................................................................61.3.1双电层电容原理..............................................................................61.3.2法拉第准电容原理..........................................................................71.4超级电容的充电方式.................................................................................71.4.1恒流充电.........................................................................................81.4.2恒功率充电.....................................................................................91.4.3恒压充电.........................................................................................91.5课题的研究内容......................................................................................10第2章多模式超级电容充电电路设计方案..........................................................112.1总体电路设计方案..................................................................................112.2主电路设计案.........................................................................................112.2.1Buck变换器的组成.......................................................................112.2.2Buck变换器工作原理....................................................................122.2.3功率MOSFET工作原理...................................................................122.2.4功率二极管工作原理.....................................................................132.3多模式充电电路设计方案........................................................................132.3.1充电模式控制电路原理.................................................................142.4PWM控制电路设计................................................................................152.4.1TL494引脚配置及其功能..............................................................152.4.2TL494外围电路的设计及原理.......................................................162.5放电欠压保护电路设计...........................................................................172.5.1放电欠压保护电路工作原理..........................................................172.5.2TL431功能介绍............................................................................182.5.3LM2903功能介绍.........................................................................192.5.4NMOSFET工作原理.....................................................................202.6本章小结.................................................................................................20第3章硬件电路参数设计........................