大坝变形监测

安徽建筑大学毕业设计(论文)专业测绘工程班级2班学生姓名翟凯学号11201050235课题基于GPS大坝变形监测指导教师施贵刚2015年月日摘要大坝安全监测，着重于变形监测，是保证大坝运营安全，防止大坝灾难性事故发生的重要手段。本文基于GPS测量的基本原理，通过大坝变形监测网的布设，处理采集到的前后两期观测数据，通过比较监测点分别在WGS—84坐标系和1954北京坐标系下的坐标差值，得出的结果符合大坝变形的精度要求，从而得出某大坝尚未发生明显变形这一结论。不足之处在于标志点在WGS—84坐标系中向1954北京坐标系的投影过程中产生了误差，使得控制点的两期坐标不等。由此可知，各坐标之间转换的时候，投影误差不可以忽略，精度分析的时候，为减小误差，最好统一在WGS—84坐标系下进行解算、分析。关键词；GPS；变形监测；精度ABSTRACTThedamsafetymonitoring,focusesonthedeformationmonitoring,itistoensurethesafetyofdamoperation,preventthecatastrophicaccidents.Inthispaper,basedonthebasicprincipleofGPSmeasurement,throughthedamdeformationmonitoringnetworklayout,processing,bothbeforeandaftertheperiodofobservationdatacollectedbycomparingthemonitoringpointsintheWGS-84coordinatesystemand1954Beijingcoordinatesthecoordinatesofthedifference,theresultsconformtotherequirementsoftheprecisionofthedamdeformation,thusadamhasnotyetoccurredobviousdeformationoftheconclusion.ShortcominginthelandmarkintheWGS-84coordinatesystemtothe1954Beijingcoordinatesystemproducedintheprocessof目录为正文部分信息概要，与摘要一起单独编号。不用此信息时，删除此框。projectionerror,makingthecontrolpointsofthetwocoordinates.Therefore,thecoordinatetransformationbetween,projectionerrorcannotbeignored,Precisionanalysis,toreducetheerror,itisbettertounifytheWGS-84coordinatescalculatingandanalysis.Keywords；GPS，deformationmonitoring，precision目录摘要.........................................................................................错误!未定义书签。Abstract.........................................................................................................................2插图或附表清单............................................................................错误!未定义书签。注释说明清单.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。第一章绪论.............................................................................................................41.1大坝变形监测的意义...................................................................................51.2GPS用于变形监测的现状........................................................................51.3研究内容.........................................................................................................6第二章基于GPS技术大坝变形监测的方法............................................................72.1控制网布设....................................................................................................72.2监测点布设.....................................................................................................82.3大坝变形监测方案.........................................................................................92.3.1测侧区勘察..................................................................................................92.3.2资料收集......................................................................................................92.3.3确定布网方案..............................................................................................92.3.4GPS测量方法.............................................................................................102.3.5编写技术设计说明....................................................................................102.3.6造标埋石....................................................................................................102.3.7投影带选取................................................................................................112.3.8测量规范....................................................................................................11第三章大坝变形监测数据处理.....................................................................................113.1数据处理的方法.........................................................................................113.2数据分析....................................................................1错误!未定义书签。3.3预测与预报....................................................................................................17第四章结论与展望...................................................................................................174.1结论.............................................................................................................174.2展望..................................................................................................................18参考文献................................................................................................................18附录..............................................................................................................................19谢辞..............................................................................................................................20ContentsAbstract…………………………………………………………………………IIntroduction……………………………………………………………………1Chapter1………………………………………………………………………2conclusion………………………………………………………………………7reference………………………………………………………………………11postscriptorcompliment………………………………………………………13resumeoftutor…………………………………………………………………11一绪论由于大型建筑物（如大坝）在国民经济建设中的重要性，其安全问题受到普遍关注。一旦因为某种原因引起工程灾害，其后果将不堪设想。因此，准确地掌握各类工程建筑物的变形状态，实现预测和防治工程灾害的目的，显得十分必要。本文通过对某大坝实施变形监测，主要的目的在于：1分析和评价大坝的安全状态，2验证设计原理，反馈施工质量，3研究变形规律，对大坝变形合理预报。鉴于当前的GPS测量精度已经达