小学英语教学理论与实践

小学英语教学理论与实践青岛市普通教育教研室孙泓基础教育阶段英语课程的任务激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，是学生树立信心养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界和西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。课程目标总体目标：培养学生的综合语言运用能力语言技能：听、说、读、写语言知识：语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题情感态度：兴趣动机、自信意志、合作精神、祖国意识、国际视野学习策略：资源策略、交际策略、调控策略、认知策略文化意识：文化知识、文化理解、跨文化交际语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素，学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。小学英语课应遵循的几个原则1、在教学总体目标上，要重兴趣、重成就感、重自信心2、在课程实施上，要重环境、重频率、重效率3、在教学模式与方法，要重体验、重实践、重参与、重创造4、在语言教学的目标上，要重语感、重语音语调基础、重交流能力5、在教学评价上，要重态度、重参与、重努力程度、重交流能力在你手中时许许多多正在成长的生命，每一个都如此不同，每一个都如此重要，全都对未来抱着憧憬和梦想。他们都依赖你的指引、塑造和培养，才能成为更好的任何有用的公民。教育家第斯夺惠说：“教育的艺术不在于传授知识，而在于激励、唤醒、鼓舞。”心理学家詹姆斯说：“人类本性最深处的企图之一是期望被赞美、钦佩和尊重。”爱因斯坦：教育所提供的东西，应当让学生作为一种宝贵的礼物来接受，而不是作为一种艰巨的任务去负担。名人论教育：小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophies1.Startwithlistening&goonspeaking(1)Listen:asmuchaspossible,usingauralmemory,mayrespondinChinese(2)Listen&move:point,findormovearound;bodymemory(3)Listen&passiton:hear&repeat,short-termmemory(drill)(4)Choosewhattosay:long–termmemory(practice)(5)Justsayit:saysth.learned,long-termmemory(inafreeway)(1)&(2)areoftenommittedbyus.(3)isalsoomittedsometimes2.TeachthewholechildWeshouldteachthewholechild&presentWholeLanguageLearningLearningtothestudentsmorethanjustEnglish:encouragethemtolearninternationalbehaviorstrategies,socialization,小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophiespoliteness,Independence,assertiveness(言语果断）&toworkwithothers(inpairsoringroups)Wordswithpicturesreflectlife&communityatlocal,regional&internationallevel.Importantissues:Equallyofgender(性别）—race,protectingourenvironment,treatingotherswithrespect&dignity(尊重)------donethroughart&dialogues.Encouragethechildrentotalkabouttheirownneeds,wantslike&dislikes,usingcommunicativeapproach.小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophies3.UseavarietyofstrategiestoreachallchildrenAccordingtoMultipleIntelligentTheory(多元智能论）&children’slearningstrategies,childrenaresmartindifferentways.Wordsmart:languagegames&activitiesNumbersmart:number,logic&sequencing(puttingthingsinorder)Picturesmart:drawing,coloring&matching(对对）Musicsmart:songs&chantsBodysmart:doingsomething(律动、动作）小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophies4.Contextualizethematerial情境教学AccordingtoCommunicativeApproach&Task–basedlearningApproach,children,unlikeadults,don’tlearnalanguageinavoid（真空）.LanguageisMEANING.Childrenareself-centered&wanttotalkaboutthemselves.Cross-cirricularcontent（跨学科内容）：numbers,mapreading,menus&interview,etc.小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophies5.AlllanguagemustbeREAlaccordingtoCommunicativeApproachUsefulfunctions(FunctionalApproach)WhatchildrenReallysay:Ouch/Let’sswim./Oh,sorry.A:Thisismyfather.B:Hi.F:Howdoyoudo?(Nicetomeetyou.)Thechildrenrespondgradually.小学英语教学理念Teaching&Learningphilosophies6.Child-centered&relevant（相关）DevelopmentallyApproachPracticeTopicsintheirworldLanguagetheycanuserightaway7.Review&RecycleKidsspeakChinesemostofthetime,exceptinanEnglishclass.Reviewisessential.Classroom---schoolyard---community---family小学英语教学理念Teaching&LearningphilosophiesTenPrinciplesforTeachingEnglishtoYounglearners1.Startwherethechildis2.Encouragesocialinteraction3.Supportnegotiationofmeaningandcollaborativetalk4.Allowchildrentobeactiveparticipantsinthelearningprocess5.PitchinputwithinthezoneofproximaldevelopmentTenPrinciplesforTeachingEnglishtoYounglearners6.Introducelanguageatdiscourselevel7.Planmeaningfulandpurposefulactivitieswithinaclear,familiarcontext8.Helplearnerstobecomemoreindependentandautonomous自治9.Developasupportive,non-threatening,enjoyablelearningenvironment10.TestandassessinthewaythatweteachTengoldenrules1.UseEnglishallthetime.2.Keepitsimple.3.Personalize,donotgeneralize.4.Beresponsive.5.Beflexible.Tengoldenrules6.Alwayshaveareserveplan.7.Treateachlessonseparately.8.Do’twaffleaboutgrammar.9.Sticktowhatyouknow.10.Don’t,ingeneral,correctstudent’smistake.Theeffectiveteacher…Reallylistenstohisstudents;Showsrespect;Givesclear,positivefeedback;Hasagoodsenseofhumor;Ispatient;Knowshissubject;Inspiresconfidence;Theeffectiveteacher…Trustspeople;EmpathizeswithSsproblems;Iswellorganized;Paceslessonswell;Doesnotcomplicatethingsunnecessarily;Isenthusiasticandinspiresenthusiasm;Canbeauthoritative(有权威的）withoutbeingdistantIshonest,isapproachableDifferentkindofteachersAnaverageteachersTELLS.AgoodteacherEXPLAINS.AbetterteacherDEMONSTRATES.AgreatteachersINSPIRES.Thebestteachermustbeascholar,aguide,aninstructor,butnotadriver,agovernororevenanofficer.DifferentkindofteachersWeshouldkeepthisinmind:Languageisaskill.Alanguagelearnerisanathlete.Alanguageteacherisacoach1Youngchildren,especiallythosewhouptoagesofnineorten,learndifferentlyfromolderchildren,adolescents,andadultsinthefollowingways:LTheyrespondtomeaningeveniftheydonotunderstandindividualwords.Theyoftenlearnindirectlyratherthandirectly---thatistheytakeininformationfromallsides,learningfromeverythingaroundthemratherthanonlyfocusontheprecise(精确的)topictheyaretaught.Theirunderstandingcomesnotjustfromexplanation,butalsofromwhattheyseeandhearand,crucially,haveach