小学英语阅读教学策略研究

小学英语阅读教学策略研究长沙市教育科学研究院刘建清一、影响阅读几个因素•1、智力水平，解码——符号、图形•2、生理条件，男生女生，听力视力•3、兴趣和性格，信心，克服困难•4、文化背景，家庭环境，社会环境•5、语言功底，听说读写二、英语课程标准二级目标要求•1、能认读所学词语•2、能根据拼读规律，读出简单的单词•3、能读懂教材中简短的要求和指令•4、能看懂贺卡等所表达的简单信息•5、能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，并养成按意群阅读的习惯•6、能正确朗读所学故事或短文三、阅读的目的•一是获取信息（Readingforinformation）如阅读有关的新闻、资料、说明书等;•二是娱乐消遣（Readingforpleasureorreadingforfun）如读小说散文、故事、童话等；•三是学习语言（Readingforlanguge）母语学习，外语学习四、阅读课的主要特征•时间：主要时间用语培养阅读能力•活动：主要活动围绕阅读教学开展•过程：保持并实现一个完整的“阅读链”•持续——渐进——经历——体验•效果：学生的阅读技能有所提高，阅读兴趣持续增长五、小学英语五步阅读教学法•一读知大意•【课例1】视听整体呈现•WhenIgrowup•I'mTim.WhenIgrowupI’mgoingtobeapilot.Apilotfliesplanes.Iloveflying,andIwanttoflyinthesky.•I’mLucy.I’mgoingtobeavetwhenIgrowup.Avetisadoctorforanimals.Iloveanimals,andIwanttolookafterthem.•I’mBob.Mydadisadentist.Helooksafterpeople’steeth.ButI’mnotgoingtobeadentistwhenIgrowup.I’mgoingtobeacook.Ilovefood.Iwanttomakedeliciousfood.•I’mCandy.I’mgoingtobeateacherwhenIgrowup.Ireallylikemyteacher,MissMiller.Iwanttobeateacher,too.IwanttoteachchildrenEnglish.•T:Whataretheytalking?•[课例2]Thelionandthemouse•Thereisalion.Heisverystrong.Helikeseatingthesmallanimals.Milly,thelittlemouse,comes.Look,sheisbitingthenet.“Haha,Iamcoming.”Lionishungry!Millyisafraid,“Help!Help!”Thelionlethimgo.Millyisamouse.Sheissmall.Shelikesplaying.Oh!Lionisinthenet!Heisverysad,“Help!Help!Whocanhelpme?”Now,Lionandsmallanimalsaregoodfriends.Theyplaytogether.Theyareveryhappy.•T:Whatanimalsarethereinthestory?•二读扫生词•课例1中，进入扫生词环节后，教师说：Readthetextquicklyandunderlinethenewwords.然后教师叫学生把找出来的生词写在黑板上。学生从短文中找出growup,vet,pilot,fly,dentist,teeth,delicious等等，这些生词中有一部分是一些基础较好的学生认识，教师提问：Whoknowthesewords?几个学生纷纷举手回答自己认识的生词，如growup,fly,teeth,等。剩下几个生词，教师再做一些讲解：Apilotfliesplanes.Avetisadoctorforanimals.Adentistlooksafterpeople’steeth.•课例2中，教师要求学生Readsilently,underlinethenewwords.在学生选出strong，hungry，net，sad，bite，together等生词后，教师提出解决生词的两个办法a.Guesswithpictures.b.Guessthemeaninginthecontext.学生根据插图猜出net是网的意思、bite是咬的意思，strong，hungry，sad，together等生词根据上下文和老师的动作及讲解弄懂了其含义。•三读练辨析•【课例3】TheBaker’s•Mr.andMrsBakerhaveanicefamily.Theyhavethreechildren,Amy,PeterandTom.•AmyandPetergotothesameschool.Inthemorning,theyhavedifferentclasses,English,MathsArtandP.E..Intheafternoon,theyreadbooksatthelibrary.Intheevening,theydohomeworkorwatchTV.Afterthat,theyliketoplaywithTom.Whenmumisbusy,theychangethediaperforTom.•Onweekends,theyliketogoout.Sometimestheygotothezootoseeanimals.Sometimestheyplayballgamesinthepark.Theyalwayshaveagoodtime.•教师在指导学生第三遍阅读这段语篇时，提出了四个是非题：•1)MrandMrsBakerhaveanicefamily.T•2)Theyhavefourchildren.F•3)HanaandBadagotothesameschool.T•4)Onweekends,theydon’tliketogoout.F•课例1中，•教师在这个环节是这样安排的。•ReadagainandsanswerYesorNo.•a.Timisgoingtobeapilot.Yes•b.Lucylovesanimals.Yes•c.Bob’sfatherisadentist.Hewantstobeadentist,too.No•d.CandylikesherteacherMissMiller.Yes•四读明细节•a.WhatclassesdoAmyandPeterhaveinthemorning?•b.Wheredotheyliketogoonweekends?SubjectsPlacesEnglishparkChineseMathssupermarketArtMusiczooP.E.•教师还设计了四个选择题，来检测学生对语篇细节掌握的程度。•1)AmyandPeterhave____classesinthemorning.•A.threeB.four•2)Intheafternoon,theyreadbooks______.•A.atthelibraryB.athome•3)Tomisa______.•A.babyB.boy•4)They______inthezoo.•A.seeanimalsB.playballgames•【课例4】DailyLife•Hello,myfriends!I’manOlympicvolunteer.IworkforOlympicGames.•Igetupatfiveo’clock.Ibrushmyteethandwashmyface.Ihavebreakfastathalfpastfive.Forbreakfast,Ilikeeggsandmilk.IgototheBird’sNest（鸟巢体育馆）atsixo’clock.•Then,Ibegintowork.Icleanthechairs.Isweepthefloor.Icarrytheboxes.IactasFuwa.AndIsay“Hooray”tothewinners.•Igohomeattwelveo’clockatnight.Iwriteadiaryeveryday.I’mtired.ButI’mveryhappy.I’mproud.I’mavolunteer!•1、Lookandmatch!•Igetupat…5:30.•Ihavebreakfastat…6:00.•IgototheBird’sNestat…12:00atnight.•Igohomeat…5:00.•2、Fillintheblanks!•I’manOlympicvolunteer.Igetupatfiveo’clockinthemorning.I_____thechairs,sweepthe_____,carrythe______,and____asFuwainthedaytime.Igohomeattwelveo’clockatnight.I’m_____.ButI’mvery______.•【课例5】Schoollife•这是一篇介绍中英小学生学校生活的语篇，在安排细节阅读时教师提出四个问题，让学生带着问题阅读。•Q1:Howdothechildrensit?•Q2:Whatdothechildrendo?•Q3:Whendothechildrenstartschool?•Q4:Whendothechildrenfinishschool?They(Englishchildren)We(Chinesechildren)sitaroundtablessitinlinessingsongstogethereverymorningdomorningexerciseseverymorningstartschoolat9o’clockstartschoolat8o’clockfinishschoolathalfpast3finishschoolat4o’clock•五读能拓展•课例1中教师设计了两个拓展任务：–Freetalk.T:Candyisgoingtobeateacher.Howaboutyou?Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?Why?–Groupwork:Talkaboutyourdreamswithyourclassmates:•WhenIgrowup,•I’mgoingtobea…•Iwantto•课例5中，教师设计的拓展任务是阅读网页上面英国学生的学校生活。•1、WatchavideoaboutanEnglishschool.•ReadapassagefromanEnglishpupil’sblogandthentakeaquiz.•【课例6】Friends•学生在完成细节阅读之后，教师设计了一个书面的拓展作业，要求学生根据样本写给笔友一封电子邮件。•Writeane-mailtoyourpenfriend.•T:DoyouwanttobeCarly’sfriend?Pleasewriteane-mailtoher.Ihaveanexampleforyou.(CAI)•Example:•DearCarly,•Mynameis.I’myearsold.Therearepeopleinmyfamily.Myfatherlikes.Mymotherlikes.Ilike.•WelcometoBeijingtowatchtheOlympicGames.•Yournewpenfriend,•六、几种阅读教学方法简介•1、“导-传-延”方法•创设语境→引导阅读，传授方法→设计任务，内化语言→延伸课外•A、智慧导入，创设语境，激发学生的阅读兴趣•B、引导阅读，传授方法，提高学生的阅读能力阅读策略策略描述猜测生词词义联系上下