Unit11.Thefirsttypeofjudgment,thetypewherejudgingyouistheendgoal,includescourtcases,gradesinclasses,andmostcompetitions.第一种判断,即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断,包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。2.It'snotaimedatproducingacorrectestimateofanygivenindividual,butatselectingareasonablyoptimalset.在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估,而是选择合理的最佳组合。3.Ourearlytrainingandourself-centerednesscombinetomakeusbelievethateveryjudgmentofusisaboutus.我们早年所受的训练,加上我们总是以自我为中心,使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。4.Andcuriouslyenough,takingrejectionlesspersonallymayhelpyoutogetrejectedlessoften.令人惊奇的是,把被拒绝看得不那么针对个人,能帮助你更少地遭到拒绝。5.Ifcollegeapplicantsrealizedhowquickandimpersonalmostselectionprocessesare,they'dmakemoreefforttosellthemselves,andtaketheoutcomelesspersonally.如果大学申请人意识到大部分选择过程是多么迅速、多么不考虑个体需求,他们就会更努力地推销自己,并能更加坦然地对待录取结果。1.我们没有必要太在乎别人对我们的评价,因为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。(inthat;objective)Wedonotneedtocaretoomuchaboutwhatpeoplesayaboutusinthatwhattheysayisnotnecessarilyobjective.2.为了自身发展,他换了不少工作,并最终找到了适合自己的职位。但他的经历并不适用于每个人。(forthesakeof;applyto)Hechangedquitesomejobsforthesakeofhisself-developmentbeforehefinallyfoundapositionsuitableforhim.Buthisexperiencedoesnotapplytoeveryone.3.在为自己设定目标之前,首先要弄清楚自己真正需要的是什么。对自己的需要越了解,越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。(figureout;themore...themore...)Weshouldfirstfigureoutwhatwereallyneedbeforewesetgoalsforourselves.Themoreweknowaboutwhatweneed,theeasieritistosetpracticalgoals.4.大部分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升,而是你能为公司作多大贡献。(what...;not...but...)Whatmostemployerscareaboutisnotyourself-improvement,butwhatyoucontributetothecompany.5.无论结果如何,都不要轻言放弃。不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。(whatever;outcome;underestimate)Whatevertheoutcomewillbe,donotgiveupeasily.Weshouldnotunderestimateourability/ourselvesjustbecauseofonefailureinseekingemployment.Uint21.Theycouldn'taffordexpensivepresents,andtheydidn'twantustothinkweweren'tasgoodasotherkidswho,onChristmasmorning,foundallsortsoffancytoysunderthetreethatweresupposedlyleftbySantaClaus.他们买不起昂贵的礼物,也不想让我们觉得我们比不上别的孩子——在圣诞节早上,他们从圣诞树下找到各种各样的新奇玩具,据说是圣诞老人留下的。2.Ihadablanketwrappedaroundme,andwhenitwasmyturn,IofferedtoshareitwithDad,buthesaidnothanks.Thecoldneverbotheredhim.我当时裹着一床毯子,在轮到我的时候,我要把毯子分给爸爸一些,但爸爸说不用,他从不怕冷。3.Thoseshiningstars,helikedtopointout,wereoneofthespecialtreatsforpeoplelikeuswholivedoutinthewilderness.他喜欢强调一点:那些闪亮的星星是对像我们这样住在荒野里的人的特别款待。4.Thelongeryoulookedandthemoreyoureyesadjustedtothedark,themorestarsyou'dsee,layerafterlayerofthemgraduallybecomingvisible.看的时间越久你的眼睛就越适应黑暗,你就可以看到更多的星星。渐渐地它们一层层地呈现在你的眼前。5.Venusdidn'thaveanymoonsorsatellitesorevenamagneticfield,butitdidhaveanatmospheresortofsimilartoearth's,exceptitwassuper-hot—aboutfivehundreddegreesormore.金星没有像月亮那样的卫星或其他卫星,甚至没有磁场,但它有着与地球相似的空气,只是它的空气超热,大约有五百度甚至更高。1.小时候,我住的村庄四周是一片田野,但现在已不见当年的影子,原来的村庄已变成一座现代城镇。(nothingbut;what-clause)WhenIwasachild,thevillageIlivedinwassurroundedbynothingbutopenfields.Butnownothingremainsofthevillage.Amoderncityisbuiltonwhatusedtobethere.2.我的童年是在乡下度过的,那时的天很蓝,晚上仰望夜空,能看到无数的星星。(lookupto)Mychildhoodwasspentinthecountryside.Atthattimetheskieswereclear.Lookinguptotheskyatnight,Icouldseecountlessstars.3.他上小学时,家境贫寒,总担心同学们会看不起他。事实上,他的担心是多余的,同学们对他都很友好。(lookdownonsb)Hisfamilywaspoorwhenhewasanelementaryschoolstudent,andheoftenworriedthathisclassmateswouldlookdownonhim.Infacthisworrywasunnecessary,forallhisclassmateswerefriendlytohim.4.每个人在成长的过程中都要经历很多事,大部分被遗忘了,但有些永远印在我们的脑海里。(while)Everyoneisboundtoexperiencealotofthingswhengrowingup,mostofwhichwillbeforgottenwhilesomewillremaininourmindforever.5.童年是一个五彩斑斓的盒子,里面装着许多美丽的梦想和有趣的回忆。(inwhich)Childhoodisacolourfulbox,inwhicharebeautifuldreamsandinterestingmemories.Uint31.ThetwomostimportantbutapparentlyindependentfeaturesaboutvanGoghwhichmostpeopleknowaboutarehisspectacular,almostexplosive,useofcolourandthepoorstateofhismentalhealth.大部分人所知道的凡•高的两个最重要但显然互不相关的特点是:他对色彩神奇、几乎具有爆发力的运用以及他糟糕的精神状态。2.VanGoghsoongrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andmovedtoArlesinthesouthofFrance,where,drawnbythesunshine,hehopedtoestablishanartists'community.凡•高很快就对他在巴黎的生活感到气馁,所以他搬到了法国南部的亚尔,那儿的阳光吸引了他,他希望在那儿成立一个画家之家。3.Buttheseveryproductiveperiodswerematchedbymomentswhendespairprevailed,duringwhichhedoubtedhisabilitytocreateaworkofvalue.但他的创作高峰期也是他最绝望的时期,在这段时期他怀疑自己没有能力创作出有价值的作品。4.VanGoghsufferedfromepilepsy,anillnesswhichleadstofits,andwhichmayhavebeencausedbyadefectinthebrainatbirth.凡•高患有癫痫病,这种病会导致昏厥,可能是因为出生时脑部有缺陷。5.Asartlovers,weacknowledgethatvanGoghproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists.作为艺术爱好者,我们承认凡•高创作了一些世人所知的最伟大的画作,并为他以后的许多艺术家提供了灵感。1.虽然我相信这架钢琴值得购买,但我还要考虑一下价格,它超出了我的预期。(worthdoing;yet;beyondexpectation)Ibelievethepianoisworthbuying,yetIneedtoconsiderawhileaboutthepricewhichisbeyondmyexpectation.2.为了抢救濒临消失的民间艺术,人们举行了宣传活动,呼吁大家制止任何可能危害这些艺术的行为。(publicitycampaign;callon;discourage)Tosavethedisappearingfolkart,apublicitycampaignwaslaunchedtocallonpeopletodiscourageanybehaviourthatisharmfultotheart.3.尽管我们作了不懈努力,还是有一些伟大的艺术作品流失海外。(despite)Despitealltheeffortswemade,somegreatworksofartgotlostoverseas.4.她有唱歌的天赋,如果有机会的话,她可能已成为一名著名歌唱家了。(genius;mayhavedone)Sheisageniusinsinging.Ifshehadbeengiventheopportunity,shemayhavebeenafamoussi