大气污染控制工程课程设计

大气污染控制工程课程设计题目SZL4-13型燃煤采暖锅炉烟气除尘系统设计班级环境N121学号201245849533学生姓名顾丹阳指导老师王成贤完成日期2015年6月7日0目录前言·······································································1第1章大气污染控制工程课程设计任务书·······································21.1设计题目···························································21.2设计任务···························································21.3原始资料···························································2第2章烟气量烟尘和二氧化硫浓度计算·········································32.1标准状态下理论空气量···············································32.2标准状态下理论湿烟气量·············································32.3标准状态下实际烟气量···············································32.4标准状态下烟气含尘浓度·············································42.5标准状态下烟气中二氧化硫浓度的计算·································4第3章除尘装置的选择设计···················································43.1除尘装置应达到的净化效率···········································43.2除尘器的选择·······················································53.2.1除尘况烟气流量··················································53.2.2除尘器型号的确定················································5第4章确定除尘设备风机和烟囱的位置及管道布置································64.1各装置及管道布置的原则··············································64.2管径的确定··························································6第5章烟囱的设计····························································75.1烟囱高度的确定······················································75.2烟囱直径的计算······················································75.3烟囱的抽力··························································8第6章系统阻力的计算························································86.1摩擦压力损失························································86.2局部压力损失························································96.3各管段压力损失计算··················································9第7章风机和电动机选择及计算················································1217.1风机风量的计算·······················································127.2风机风压的计算························································127.3选用风机型号及参数···················································137.4电动机功率的计算·····················································137.5选用电机型号及参数···················································14第8章总结··································································15第9章参考文献······························································15前言凡是能使空气质量变差的物质都是大气污染物。大气污染物已知的约有100多种。有自然因素（如森林火灾、火山爆发等）和人为因素（如工业废气、生活燃煤、汽车尾气等）两种，并且以后者为主要因素，尤其是工业生产和交通运输所造成的。主要过程由污染源排放、大气传播、人与物受害这三个环节所构成。影响大气污染范围和强度的因素有污染物的性质（物理的和化学的），污染源的性质（源强、源高、源内温度、排气速率等），气象条件（风向、风速、温度层结等），地表性质（地形起伏、粗糙度、地面覆盖物等）。防治方法很多，根本途径是改革生产工艺，综合利用，将污染物消灭在生产过程之中；另外，全面规划，合理布局，减少居民稠密区的污染；在高污染区，限制交通流量；选择合适厂址，设计恰当烟囱高度，减少地面污染；在最不利气象条件下，采取措施，控制污染物的排放量。中国已制订《中华人民共和国环境保护法》，并制订国家和地区的“废气排放标准”，以减轻大气污染，保护人民健康。大气污染物按其存在状态可分为两大类。一种是气溶胶状态污染物，另一种是气体状态污染物。气溶胶状态污染物主要有粉尘、烟液滴、雾、降尘、飘尘、悬浮物等。气体状态污染物主要有以二氧化硫为主的硫氧化合物，以二氧化氮为主的氮氧化合物，以一氧化碳为主2的碳氧化合物以及碳、氢结合的碳氢化合物。大气中不仅含无机污染物，而且含有机污染物。大气污染控制工程课程设计任务书第1章并且随着人类不断开发新的物质，大气污染物的种类和数量也在不断变化。就连南极和北极的动物也受到了大气污染的影响！1.1设计题目SZL4-13型燃煤采暖锅炉烟气除尘系统设计1.2设计任务燃煤锅炉燃烧过程排放的烟气中含有大量的烟尘和二氧化硫，如不采取有效的治理措施，将会对周围大气环境及居民健康造成严重影响与危害。因此，本设计结合燃煤锅炉烟气排放特点，根据所提供的原始参数及资料，拟设计一套燃煤采暖炉房烟气除尘系统。要求设计的净化系统效果好、操作方便、投资省，且出口烟气浓度达到锅炉大气污染物排放标准（GB13271-2001）中二类区标准，即：烟尘排放浓度≤200mg/Nm3。1.3原始资料锅炉型号：SZL4-13型，额定蒸发量2.8MW/h锅炉台数：3台设计耗煤量：650kg/(h·台）排烟温度：160℃烟气密度（标准状态下）：1.34kg/m3空气过剩系数：α＝1.4烟气在锅炉出口前阻力：800Pa当地大气压力：97.86kPa冬季室外空气温度：－1℃空气含水（标准状态下）按0.01293kg/m3烟尘的排放因子：25%3烟气其它性质按空气计算。排烟中飞灰占煤中灰分（不可燃成分）的比例：表1燃煤煤质（按质量百分含量计，%）CYHYSYOYNYWYAYVY6841.651614.4134第2章烟气量、烟尘和二氧化硫浓度的计算2.1标准状态下理论空气量Qa’=4.76×(1.867CY+5.56HY+0.7SY-0.7OY)(m3/kg)式中：CY,HY,SY,OY－分别为煤中各元素所含的质量分数。05.07.016.07.004.056.568.0867.176.4'aQkgm/468.732.2标准状态下理论湿烟气量（设空气含湿量12.93g/m3）Q’s=1.867(CY+0.375SY)+11.2HY+1.24WY+0.016Q’a+0.79Q’a+0.8NY(m3/kg)式中：Q’a－标准状态下理论空气量，m3/kg；WY－煤中水分所占质量分数，%；NY－N元素在煤中所占质量分数，％。468.7016.006.024.104.02.11)16.0375.068.0(867.1'sQ01.08.0468.779.0)/(931.73kgm2.3标准状态下实际烟气量Qs=Q’s+1.016(a-1)Q’a(m3/kg)式中：a－空气过量系数Q’s－标准状态下理论烟气量，m3/kg；Q’a－标准状态下理论空气量，m3/kg。468.7)14.1(016.1931.7sQ)/(966.103kgm标准状态下烟气流量Q以m3/h计，因此，Q=Qs×设计耗煤量)/(9.7127650966.103hmQ52.4标准状态下烟气含尘浓度sYshQAdC(kg/m3)式中：dsh－排烟中飞灰占煤中灰分（不可燃成分）的质量分数，排放因子，％；AY－煤中灰分（不可燃成分）的含量，％；Qs－标准状态下实际烟气量，m3/kg。)/(10677.333966.10144.028.0mkgC)/(10677.333mmg2.5标准状态下烟气中二氧化硫浓度的计算6108.022sYSOQSC(mg/m3)式中：SY－煤中含可燃硫的质量分数；0.8－燃料中硫转化为SO2的转化率％，一般取80%。Qs－标准状态下燃煤产生的实际烟气量，m3/kg。)/(10334.210336966.10016.08.022mmgCso第3章除尘装置的选择设计3.1除尘装置应达到的净化效率：CCs1式中：C－标准状态下烟气含尘，mg/m3；Cs－标准状态下锅炉烟尘排放标准中规定值，mg/m3。烟气浓度达到锅炉大气污染物排放标准（GB13271-2001）中二类区标准，即：烟尘排放浓度≤200mg/Nm3。6%56.949512.01310677.32003.2除尘器的选择3.2.1除尘器工况烟气流量)/(3hmTTQQ式中Q——标准状况下的烟气流量，hm/3；T——工况下烟气温度，K；T——标准状态下的温度，273K；)/(42.113053273)273160(9.7127'hmQ则烟气流速为：)/(14.3140.33360042.105723600'smQ3.2.1除尘器型号的确定按设计任务要求选择文丘里湿式除尘器，查询相关资料选择WC型低压文丘里除尘器，是北京有色冶金设计研究总院参照国外设备和有关资料进行研究和设计的一种高效湿式除尘器。是DW型的改进产品。其具体型号参数见下表：表2WC型低压文丘里除尘器型号参数型号额定风量m3/h阻力mmOH2除尘效率%外型尺寸(长*宽*高)mm入口尺寸mm出口尺寸mm设备重量kgWC-0.55000127＞981064×860×2600300×860Φ500688WC-1.0100002100×860×3700580×86