金融性资产

Chapter7FinancialAssetsHowMuchCashShouldaBusinessHave?$Everybusinessneedsenoughcashtopayitsbills!HowMuchCashShouldaBusinessHave?CashShort-termInvestmentsReceivablesFinancialAssetsHowMuchCashShouldaBusinessHave?AccountsreceivableMarketablesecurities(short-terminvestments)Cash(andcashequivalents)CollectionsfromcustomersCashpayments揈xcess?cashisinvestedtemporarily.Investmentsaresoldascashisneeded.TheValuationofFinancialAssetsTypeofFinancialAssetBasisforValuationintheBalanceSheetCash(andcashequivalents)FaceamountShort-terminvestments(marketablesecurities)CurrentmarketvalueReceivablesNetrealizablevalueEstimatedcollectibleamountCashCoinsandpapermoneyChecksMoneyordersTravelers?checksBankcreditcardsalesCashisdefinedasanydepositbankswillaccept.CombinedwithcashonbalancesheetReportingCashintheBalanceSheetLiquidshort-terminvestmentsStablemarketvaluesMatureswithin90daysofacquisitionCashEquivalentsNotavailableforpayingcurrentliabilitiesReportingCashintheBalanceSheetNotacurrentassetListedasaninvestment揜estricted?CashBankagreesinadvancetolendmoney.ReportingCashintheBalanceSheetLiabilityisincurredwhenuselineofcredit.Unusedlineofcreditisdisclosedinnotes.LinesofCreditTheStatementofCashFlowsSummarizescashtransactionsforanaccountingperiod.StatementofCashFlowsIncludescashandcashequivalents.Accuratelyaccountforcash.Preventtheftandfraud.Assuretheavailabilityofadequateamountsofcash.Avoidunnecessarilylargeamountsofidlecash.CashManagementUsingExcessCashBalancesEfficientlyCashavailableforlong-terminvestmentmaybeusedtofinancegrowthandexpansionofthebusiness,ortorepaydebt.Cashnotneededforbusinesspurposesshouldbedistributedtothecompany’sstockholders.InternalControlOverCashSegregateauthorization,custodyandrecordingofcash.Prepareacashbudget.Prepareacontrollistingofcashreceipts.Requiredailydeposits.Makeallpaymentsbycheck.Verifyeveryexpenditurebeforepayment.Promptlyreconcilebankstatements.CashOverandShortGENERALJOURNALDateAccountTitlesandExplanationDebitCreditMay5Cash10CashOverandShort10CashOverandShortisdebitedforshortagesandcreditedforoverages.OnMay5,XBAR,Inc.抯cashdrawerwascountedandfoundtobe$10over.BankStatementsShowsthebeginningbankbalance,depositsmade,checkspaid,otherdebitsandcreditsinthemonth,andtheendingbankbalance.BankStatementReconcilingtheBankStatementExplainsthedifferencebetweencashreportedonbankstatementandcashbalanceindepositor抯accountingrecords.Providesinformationforreconcilingjournalentries.ReconcilingtheBankStatementBalanceperBank+DepositsinTransit-OutstandingChecks?BankErrors=AdjustedBalanceBalanceperDepositor+DepositsbyBank(creditmemos)-ServiceCharge-NSFChecks?BookErrors=AdjustedBalanceReconcilingtheBankStatementAllreconcilingitemsonthebooksiderequireanadjustingentrytothecashaccount.BalanceperDepositor+DepositsbyBank(creditmemos)-ServiceCharge-NSFChecks?BookErrors=AdjustedBalanceReconcilingtheBankStatementExamplePrepareaJuly31bankreconciliationstatementandtheresultingjournalentriesfortheSimmonsCompany.TheJuly31bankstatementindicatedacashbalanceof$9,610,whilethecashledgeraccountonthatdateshowsabalanceof$7,430.Additionalinformationnecessaryforthereconciliationisshownonthenextpage.Outstandingcheckstotaled$2,417.A$500checkmailedtothebankfordeposithadnotreachedthebankatthestatementdate.Thebankreturnedacustomer抯NSFcheckfor$225receivedaspaymentofanaccountreceivable.Thebankstatementshowed$30interestearnedonthebankbalanceforthemonthofJuly.Check781forsuppliesclearedthebankfor$268butwaserroneouslyrecordedinourbooksas$240.A$486depositbyAcmeCompanywaserroneouslycreditedtoouraccountbythebank.ReconcilingtheBankStatementExampleBalanceperbankstatement,July319,610$Additions:Depositintransit500Deductions:Bankerror486$Outstandingchecks2,4172,903Adjustedcashbalance7,207$Balanceperdepositor'srecords,July317,430$Additions:Interest30Deductions:Recordingerror28$NSFcheck225253Adjustedcashbalance7,207$ReconcilingtheBankStatementExampleBalanceperbankstatement,July319,610$Additions:Depositintransit500Deductions:Bankerror486$Outstandingchecks2,4172,903Adjustedcashbalance7,207$Balanceperdepositor'srecords,July317,430$Additions:Interest30Deductions:Recordingerror28$NSFcheck225253Adjustedcashbalance7,207$ReconcilingtheBankStatementExampleGENERALJOURNALDateAccountTitlesandExplanationDebitCreditJul31Cash30InterestRevenue3031SuppliesInventory28AccountsReceivable225Cash253Usedforminorexpenditures.PettyCashFundsHasonecustodian.Replenishedperiodically.PettyCashFundsShort-TermInvestmentsBondInvestmentsCapitalStockInvestmentsCurrentAssetsAlmostAsLiquidAsCashReadilyMarketableMarketableSecuritiesare...Mark-to-Market:ANewPrincipleofAssetValuationShort-terminvestmentsinmarketablesecuritiesappearonthebalancesheetattheircurrentmarketvalueasofthebalancesheetdate.ClassificationManagement'sIntentTreatmentofUnrealizedHoldingGainsandLossesAvailableforsalesecuritiesHeldforshort-termresale(often6to18months)Reportedinstockholders'equitysectionofthebalancesheetTradingsecuritiesHeldforimmediateresale(oftenwithinhoursordays)Reportedinotherrevenue(expense)sectionoft