天津耀华BHB6M2-3非谓语分词专练

耀华滨海学校Book6M2-3GrammarSpecial非限定动词——ING；TODOSIIEnglish2010-20111Grammar(M2-3)v-ingasAdverbialclauses(…v+-ing;v-todo)第一部分：语言认识：在课文中标出-ing,-ed形式的分词概念基础:限定动词finiteverbGrammarlimitedbyperson,number,tense,andmood.Usedofaverbthatcanserveasapredicateortheinitialelementofone.例如:Theyhavefinishedwritingthearticle.Helikesgoingfishingeveryweekend.【语法】限定的;由人称、数量、时态和情态限定的。用作谓语或谓语开头部分的动词非限定动词non-finiteverbGrammaranon-finiteverbdoesnotshowaparticulartenseorsubject,andiseithertheinfinitiveortheparticipleformoftheverb.在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，为非限定动词，也称为非谓语动词。从动词性质来讲，也根据英文本名，这里采用“非限定动词”的称法。非限定动词指动词的几种特有的形式在句中分别担当名词、形容词和副词的作用，丰富语义表达，不受人称、数、量、时体、语态等要素的限定，而只根据句子中的名词动词间的语义、逻辑关系进行相应的变化，以准确生动的表达意义。这是英语语言特有的语法形式，是学习的重点。突破关键在于多阅读积累语言，增强语言差异意识和规则运用意识，透彻理解语言、句法的逻辑，形成严谨的句法结构分析思路，提高理解和运用能力。非限定动词形式为以下三种：1.-ING形式：动名词(theGerund)，现在分词(thePresentParticiple)；2.-ED分词(thePastParticiple)。3.动词不定式(theInfinitive)；二．非限定动词的用法1．语法功能：分别担当名词、形容词、副词用，在句中作相应的成分。句子成分非限定动词主语表语宾语补语定语状语同位语不定式动名词(极少)现在分词过去分词2.非限定形式的语法功用与概念特征概念特征分词Participlev-ing–分词-主动，现在，进行□—与句子谓语同时发生—Hearingthenews,theygotexcited◆在句中与其逻辑主语表达主谓关系v-ed–分词-被动，过去，完成□—与句子谓语同时发生Givenachance,Icansurprisethewholeworld.◆在句中与其逻辑主语表达动宾关系--Havingv-ed/done□—先于句子谓语发生—Havingfinishedhomework,shewentouttoplay.--Havingbeenv-ed/done—Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.耀华滨海学校Book6M2-3GrammarSpecial非限定动词——ING；TODOSIIEnglish2010-20112--Beingv-ed/done(adj化的分词)□—句首，表原因或让步关系—Beingtired,theplayerlaydownforarest.动名词Gerundv-ing–动名词-习惯，完成，功用Helikesplayingtheguitar.Irememberedpostingthemail.Itisaswimmingpool.不定式Infinitive-TODO–不定式-具体，过程，将来下列动词后的宾语可用分词作宾补：see,watch,find,notice,observe,lookat;hear,listento;feel;make,have,get;leave,keep,set,want,send,wouldlike,等。第二部分解题思路3.非限定动词与限定动词对比相同点不同点限定动词1)如果是及物动词都可带宾语：Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.2)都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.3)都有主动、被动态,“体”/式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(限定动词被动语态)Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(动名词的被动式)Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(限定动词的完成时)Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语：Theystartedtheworkatonce.(限定动词的逻辑主语)Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(不定式的逻辑主语)WeareLeaguemembers.(限定动词的主语)WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.(现在分词的逻辑主语，分词的独立主格结构)限定动词即谓语动词。在句中运用时受到主语的人称、数量、时态(动作发生的时间)、语态(动作的执行者或承受者)的限定，需要变化形式，以确切的表达意义。非限定动词1)非限定动词有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2)非限定动词有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补语。3)非限定动词有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中作状语。注：解题注意在分词作状语时，需要区分-ing和-ed形式的逻辑主语，(即动作的执行者或承受者)，要分析分词的逻辑主语是否与句子的主语一致，这是学习运用分词是很重要的一点，在语法书中，两者一致时即“同主格结构”，为一般常见结构。两者不一致时，则称为“独立主格结构”，实即“异主格结构”，如上表中最后的例句。再例如：Nightcoming,weputourselvesupinasmallhotel.Alltheguestsseated,webeganoutdinner.第三部分练习I.用分词或其他动词形式填空。说明句中动词和主语的关系（动宾、主谓关系）1.Theywenttothepark,_________________.(singanddance)2.__________________hishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.(do/finish)3.Theproblem_______________atpresentisveryimportant.(discuss)4._________________manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.(tell)耀华滨海学校Book6M2-3GrammarSpecial非限定动词——ING；TODOSIIEnglish2010-201135.Canyouhearher_____________thesonginthenextroom?(sing)6.Thematterhadbetter__________________asitis.(leave)7.Iobjectto___________________.(makefunof)8.Themotherwantedherson_________________withoutdelay.(operateon)9.Ajobworth_________isworth___________well.(do)10.Ajobworthy__________isworth__________well.(do)II.用分词结构改写下列句子。11.Whentheboywascalled,hestoodup.12.Thecupdroppedtotheground.Asaresult,itbrokeintopieces.13.Whentheyheardthenews,theygotexcited.14.Iftimepermits,we’lldoanothertwoexercises.15.Itlookedasiftherewasabout500poundsthere.IwassosurprisedthatIjuststoodthere,holdingthenotesinmyhands.Atthatmoment,thedoorswungopen,andRoywalkedin.III.MultipleChoice1._____bythewindowlostinthoughtforalongtime,Irealizedthatnosceneintheworldremains_____.A.Stand;unchangedB.Tostand;unchangingC.Standing;unchangedD.Stood;unchanging2.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience____onbenches,chairsorboxes.A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.beingseated3.____inthebook,hedidn’thearthesound.A.BuryingB.TobeburiedC.HavingbeenburiedD.Buried4.Theinternationalagreement,____toencouragechildrennottosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFeb27.A.intendedB.beingintendedC.intendingD.tointend5.Aharmonioussocietyislikeasymphonyorchestra—eachpersoncontributesasmallsound,butwhen____withothersounds,itbecomesbeautifulmusic.A.combiningB.beingcombinedC.combinedD.tobecombined6.____therightdecision____thefutureisprobablythemostimportantthingwewilleverdoinourlife.A.Making;concernedB.Make;concerningC.Tomake;concernedD.Making;concerning7.Teamworkisveryimportantinmodemsociety._____aneffectiveteammember,youneedtodevelopateamworkattitude.A.BecomeB.BecomingC.HavingbecomeD.Tobecome8.Thecarranintoacrowdofmiddleschoolstudents,____tohospitalimmediately.A.twoofwhomsentB.twoofthemsentC.twoofwhomaresentD.twoofthemsending9.TheheavysnowsweptacrossmanypartsofChina,____manypeople’sfamilyreunionatthe2008SpringFestivalimpossible.A.madeB.makingC.tomakeD.havingmade耀华滨海学校Book6M2-3GrammarSpecial非限定动词——ING；TODOSIIEngl