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1马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（11）及答案OnAugust26,1999,NewYorkCityexperiencedatorrentialdownpour.Themercilessraincausedthestreetstoflood.NewYorkCity’ssubwaysystemcametoascreechingstopasthesubwaystationsweredrownedinwater.Unfortunately,thishappenedduringthemorningrushhour.Manypeoplewhoweregoingtoworkweretrappedandforcedtogohome.SomebattledwithfellowNewYorkerstohailacabortogetonabus.Stillothersbravedthestorm,walkingmilestogettowork.Ihappenedtobeoneofthepeopleontheirwaytoworkthatmorning.Iwentfromsubwaylinetosubwaylineonlytofindthatmostservicehadstopped.Afterrunningaroundlikecrazyandmakingmywaythroughcrowdsofpeople,Ifinallyfoundasubwaylinethatwasoperating.Unfortunately,thereweresomanypeoplewaitingtoboardthesubwaythatIcouldnotevengetdownthestairstotheplatform.Determinedtogettowork,Idecidedtotakethetrainuptownseveralstopsandthenswitchbacktothedowntowntrain.Itwasannoyance,butitpaidoff.However,thetraingotmorepackedateachstop.Peoplepushedandshoved.Iwasconstantlyhitwithelbowsandbags.Finally,afterwhatseemedlikeaneternity(noend),thetrainreachedmystop.Butthejourneywasnotoveryet.Iwouldstillhavetowalkseveralblockstogettomyoffice.WhenIfinallygottowork,IwascompletelysoakedandleftapuddleofwatereverywhereIsat.Iwasalsoexhausted(tiredout)anddiscouragedfrommycommute.Myco－workersandIspentmostofthedaydryingoff.When5：00rolledaround,Iwasreadytogohome.IwasabouttologoffmycomputerwhenIreceivedane－mailfromGarth,myDeputyDirector：Iwouldliketothankallthosewhomadetheeffortandeventuallyreportedtowork.Itisalwaysreassuring,attimeslikethese,whenemployeessoclearlyshowtheirdevotiontotheirjobs.Thankyou.Hise－mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthatbriefmessagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.Thee－mailtaughtmethatafewwordsofappreciationcanmakeabigdifference.Therainstormandthetransittroubleshadmadememiserable.ButGarth’swordsimmediatelyinvigoratedmeandputasmilebackonmyface.Asamatter2offact,hise－mailmadethewholesubwaypainfulexperienceallworthwhile.August26,1999mayhavebeenoneofthedarkestdaysinNewYorkCityhistory,butitwasoneofthebrightestdaysinmylifethankstoGarth.5．ThesubwaysysteminNYcametoasuddenstopbecause______.A.mostofitsservicehadstoppedB.itwasfloodedbybusytravelersC.itwasduringamorningrushhourD.itsstationswerecoveredwithwater6．Howdidthewritergettoheroffice?A.Bypushinginthestairstotheplatform.B.Byswitchingtrainsinaroundaboutway.C.Bybattlingwithpeopletohailataxi.D.Bywalkingmilestogettotheoffice.7．Theunderlinedword“invigorated”probablymeans______.A.inspiredB.expectedC.liberatedD.convinced8．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Adownpourinmid－summer.B.Alessonfromarainyday.C.Anappreciationofamisery.D.AdarkdayinNewYorkhistory.[答案]1999年8月26日那天因为纽约雨下得大，交通几乎完全停滞，上班不便，而作者费了很大的劲，终于成功地赶到了单位，但因为浑身湿透了什么事情也干不成。下班时收到了上司的电子邮件，上司夸奖了自己，顿时路上的辛苦疲劳全部消失，备感欣慰。5．D。细节理解题。依据文章第一段第二句中的“NewYorkCity’ssubwaysystemcametoascreechingstopasthesubwaystationsweredrownedinwater.”可知D项正确。6．B。细节理解题。依据文章第三段第五句中的“Idecidedtotakethetrainuptownseveralstopsandthenswitchbacktothedowntowntrain.Itwasannoyance,butitpaidoff.”可知作者是乘车绕道去上班的。7．A。词义推断题。依据下文的“Asamatteroffact,hise－mailmadethewholesubwaypainfulexperienceallworthwhile.”可知，上司的邮件让作者备受鼓舞，备感欣慰。故A项合理。38．B。主旨大意判断题。本文作者通过讲述自己在一个雨天的经历，告诉我们她在这次经历中的收获，因此B项合理。本文是总分结构。动词词义辨析动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。（一）易混动词1、lay（放）,lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listento：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listento是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listento却用于集中注意力的听。4、see,watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形4wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如：Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.9、borrow,lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。13、take,bring与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用